Posts by Denis

🔬 FOB + transferrin ⭕️ FOB is an important indicator in case of suspected gastrointestinal bleeding, colorectal cancer, stomach cancer, etc. ⭕️ Transferrin is a protein that binds iron (0.1% = 4 mg) in the body and transports it (24 mg per day). Elevated serum transferrin suggests iron deficiency anemia, while fecal transferrin indicates gastrointestinal disorders, as it is more resistant to metabolism in the intestine than hemoglobin. ‼️ Possible causes of bleeding in the upper gastrointestinal tract: - duodenal ulcer (20-30%), - gastric/duodenal erosion (20-30%), - esophageal varicose veins (5-10%), - gastric ulcer (10-20%), - erosive esophagitis (5-10%), - angiomas (5-10%), - arteriovenous malformations <5%, - gastrointestinal tumors. ‼️ Possible causes of bleeding in the lower gastrointestinal tract: anal fissures, angiodysplasia, colitis (ischemic, radiation, infectious), colon carcinoma, intestinal inflammation, colon polyps, diverticulosis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, internal hemorrhoids. 🚨🚨 Diagnosis: FOB + Transferrin Test: - Specificity >99 %, - Sensitivity >99%, - Not...

One of the main assistants to the doctor for a complete assessment of a person's health is 📍a comprehensive blood test (complete blood count (CBC) with leukocyte formula📍. 🚨A complete blood test is prescribed: - a scheduled medical examination; - monitoring of the therapy; - diagnostics of inflammatory, infectious and allergic diseases; - examination before surgery, etc. 🔴Preparation: the analysis is given on an empty stomach (you can be hungry, drink water), because for many indicators this is an important factor when assessing the objectivity of the result. That's how, thanks to the simplest tests, an experienced doctor can detect various deviations and prescribe additional examinations that will help the doctor get closer to identifying the cause, establishing a diagnosis and correct treatment.

💉ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) is a serological test used to diagnose infectious and autoimmune diseases. 💉ELISA allows you to see the immune system's reaction to the invasion of an infection, which forms an "antigen-antibody" complex, but not the virus itself. 💉Antibodies or, so-called, (Ig) immunoglobulins perform the function of protective "warriors" of our body against various infectious agents, viruses, bacteria. 💉Determination of different classes of antibodies in the blood is informative evidence for assessing the stage of development of the infectious process and is an important factor in treatment.

🔬Ferritin is the main indicator of iron stores in the body; it plays an important role in maintaining iron in a biologically useful form. 🔬Ferritin is a complex water-soluble protein complex consisting of 24 identical subunits and capable of attaching about 4500 iron atoms per molecule, which is associated with its biological function: iron deposition (toxic and non-toxic, physiologically available form for the body). A ferritin molecule fully saturated with iron contains iron up to 27% of its molecular mass. Ferritin is synthesized by cells of various tissues, as it is present in all cells and fluids of the body: liver, spleen, bone marrow, heart muscle, lungs, kidneys, thyroid gland, placenta, small intestine, pancreas. ⬆️Elevated ferritin levels may indicate an acute or chronic inflammatory process that interferes with oxygen transport and disrupts the functions of red blood cells. ⬇️Low ferritin levels indicate chronic iron deficiency - anemia. ❗️In COVID-19, caused by coronavirus infection, oxygen transport is disrupted, which, in turn,...

👩🏼🔄🪱To correctly understand the relationship between the microbial world and humans, it is necessary to know the different ways of life of microbes and the degree of their dependence on humans. 🔺 There are some microorganisms whose interaction with humans is extremely important for their spread. While for other microorganisms, the human population is of less importance, and they prefer to spread in other species of living beings or in the environment. So, 🔆the source of infection (D.i.)🔆 is microbiocarriers or sick people, animals, rarely plants, inanimate objects infected with pathogens of infectious diseases (viruses, bacteria, recessions, protozoa, fungi, helminths, ticks and other pathogenic parasites), their waste products (toxins), pathogenic proteins (prions), which are transmitted from infected individuals to healthy ones and are capable of mass spread. ❗️That is, in D.i. the pathogen accumulates and is released from it in large quantities, which in turn can spread to other types of population. ❗️Thus, it should be noted: the danger from animals as D.i. depends on...

🪲 Zoonotic infection with a transmissible mechanism of transmission, which is a vector between animals and humans, from April to October. The causative agent of the disease is the microorganism Borrelia burgdorferi, a species of Ixodes ticks. ❌🙅🏼‍♀️The most vulnerable areas on the body (both in humans and pets): the head, neck, armpits, groin. ⚠️ The tick bites and burrows into the victim's skin, thereby feeding on liquid connective tissue (blood), and then disappears. If you notice a tick, you must immediately remove it so as not to damage the tick's body and not leave its head inside the victim's skin. ❗️Do not forget to treat the bite surface with an alcohol solution❗️ 🚸 What do you need to know to prevent a bite?! How to find out if you are infected with an uninvited guest?! Before, during, and after outdoor recreation: - clothing should be light-colored with long sleeves and pants, which, in turn, should be tucked into socks; - before...

📍PCT - a precursor of the hormone calcitonin. A marker of bacteriological infections and sepsis. 📍Procalcitonin - a specific and very sensitive marker that allows for differential diagnosis between bacteriological infection and viral, autoimmune, allergic, fungal, diseases. Patients with septic disease need to monitor the level of procalcitonin in the blood. ❗️This indicator helps determine the severity of the septic condition, generalization of the infectious process. 💉Preparation for delivery: material collection only on an empty stomach: - do not eat for 6-8 hours; - drink water only without impurities; - do not take medication before delivery (only as directed by a doctor. When completing the order form, be sure to notify the Medi Lab+ laboratory administrator about this fact 🔬Mon-Fri: Collection 7:00-12:00 - result from 15:00-18:00 Collection 12:00-15:00 - result from 18:00-20:00 💡With COVID-19, a study on the content of procalcitonin (PCT) is prescribed as one of the examinations to monitor the risk of complications, including the feasibility and number of antibiotic-bacterial drugs during treatment.

Blood is tested - ELISA: 🩸 HBs antigen - appears in the blood at the end of the incubation period, the indicator is not constant, the protein structure is often subject to mutations; 🩸 Hbe antigen - appears in the blood serum of patients with acute hepatitis and chronic active hepatitis from the end of the incubation period to the end of the replication phase; indicates active virus replication. Not determined in infection with pre core mutants of the HBV virus and in HDV superinfection. 🩸 HBcor antigen - not tested in the laboratory. 🩸 Ab HBs ig M and ig G - antibodies to the HBV surface antigen. Appear at the end of the acute period of hepatitis or after 3-8 months; persist for 10 or more years; indicate the presence of immunity. Used as a criterion for the effectiveness of vaccine prophylaxis. 🩸Ab HBe ig M and ig G - antibodies to HBe ag. Appear from the 2-3rd week of the jaundice period; persist for up to 2-5 years. They indicate the beginning of the non-replicative phase.

💡 Hepatitis C is a disease caused by a virus that can be transmitted through blood from one person to another. 📍The hepatitis C virus (HCV) was first identified in 1989. The pathology mainly affects the liver. ⏳The incubation period (from the moment of infection to the appearance of symptoms) lasts from 2 weeks to 6 months, most often - 45-60 days. The main danger of this form of hepatitis lies in early diagnosis. The reason for this is the complete absence of symptoms or their minor manifestations. 📍Symptoms: - increased sweating (especially at night); - increased body temperature; - arthralgia (ache, joint pain); - loss of appetite, nausea; - heaviness in the epigastric region; - a feeling of discomfort in the right hypochondrium (due to bile stasis or inflammation of the gallbladder); - impaired concentration, inattention; - rapid fatigue; - spider veins, itching, rash; - digestive disorders (constipation, diarrhea); - light-colored, discolored stools; - dark-colored urine; - moderate enlargement of the liver; - general weakness, dizziness. 🩸Acute hepatitis C- clear...

‼️MANDATORY ANNUAL EXAMINATIONS‼️ 🔬 General clinical blood test. This test will show whether there is anemia, blood diseases, inflammatory processes, it can be used to judge the state of immunity, the presence of allergic reactions; 🔬 General urine test to assess the function of the genitourinary system. Sugar or acetone in the urine may indicate diabetes; 🔬 Biochemical blood test. With the determination of cholesterol and its fractions (LDL, HDL, VLDL, triglycerides), creatinine, which reflects the filtration effect of the kidneys, hepatic transaminases and other indicators. This test will reveal whether the liver, kidneys, bile ducts and other organs are working normally; 🔬 Blood test for sugar. It can be used to judge the risk of developing diabetes;