{"id":10480,"date":"2025-09-09T13:13:53","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T10:13:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/?p=10480"},"modified":"2026-06-18T14:35:49","modified_gmt":"2026-06-18T11:35:49","slug":"general-analysis-of-urine-shows-the-norms-and-their-significance-for-diagnosis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/general-analysis-of-urine-shows-the-norms-and-their-significance-for-diagnosis\/","title":{"rendered":"General urine analysis: what it shows, norms and significance for diagnosis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"78\" data-end=\"491\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/research-of-sex\/zagalnyj-klinichnyj-analiz-sechi\/\">General urine analysis<\/a> (ZAS) is a basic laboratory test that is widely used in medical practice. The ease of collecting material, the speed of execution and the high informativeness make it indispensable both in preventive medicine and in case of suspicion of various pathologies. According to WHO, it is ZAS that is most often included in the list of mandatory examinations during hospitalization or routine examinations.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"493\" data-end=\"537\"><strong data-start=\"496\" data-end=\"535\">Why is a complete urinalysis important?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"538\" data-end=\"808\">Urine is the end product of metabolism and at the same time a reflection of the functioning of the kidneys, liver, pancreas and endocrine system. Any changes in the composition of urine can be the first signals of diseases, even when symptoms are not yet present. That is why ZAS is prescribed:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"809\" data-end=\"1032\">\n<li data-start=\"809\" data-end=\"850\">\n<p data-start=\"811\" data-end=\"850\">to assess general health;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"851\" data-end=\"887\">\n<p data-start=\"853\" data-end=\"887\">as part of preventive examinations;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"888\" data-end=\"936\">\n<p data-start=\"890\" data-end=\"936\">to control the course of chronic diseases;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"937\" data-end=\"987\">\n<p data-start=\"939\" data-end=\"987\">if urinary tract infections are suspected;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"988\" data-end=\"1032\">\n<p data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1032\">during pregnancy to detect complications.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"1034\" data-end=\"1084\"><strong data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1082\">Basic parameters of general urine analysis<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"1085\" data-end=\"1343\">\n<li data-start=\"1085\" data-end=\"1157\">\n<p data-start=\"1088\" data-end=\"1157\"><strong data-start=\"1088\" data-end=\"1111\">Physical properties<\/strong>: color, transparency, odor, specific gravity, pH.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1158\" data-end=\"1244\">\n<p data-start=\"1161\" data-end=\"1244\"><strong data-start=\"1161\" data-end=\"1185\">Biochemical indicators<\/strong>: protein, glucose, ketone bodies, bilirubin, urobilinogen.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1245\" data-end=\"1343\">\n<p data-start=\"1248\" data-end=\"1343\"><strong data-start=\"1248\" data-end=\"1269\">Sediment microscopy<\/strong>: leukocytes, erythrocytes, epithelial cells, bacteria, salt crystals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-start=\"1345\" data-end=\"1563\">Each of these indicators can signal specific diseases. For example, the presence of glucose indicates diabetes, protein indicates kidney pathology, and erythrocytes indicate stones or tumors in the urinary tract.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1565\" data-end=\"1634\"><strong data-start=\"1568\" data-end=\"1632\">General urine analysis standards and possible deviations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"2392\">\n<thead data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"1679\">\n<tr data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"1679\">\n<th data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"1647\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Indicator<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1647\" data-end=\"1655\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Norm<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1655\" data-end=\"1679\" data-col-size=\"md\">Possible deviations<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1725\" data-end=\"2392\">\n<tr data-start=\"1725\" data-end=\"1829\">\n<td data-start=\"1725\" data-end=\"1733\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Color<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1733\" data-end=\"1752\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Straw yellow<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1752\" data-end=\"1829\" data-col-size=\"md\">Dark brown (hepatitis), red (hematuria), colorless (polyuria)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1830\" data-end=\"1885\">\n<td data-start=\"1830\" data-end=\"1843\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Transparency<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1843\" data-end=\"1853\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Transparent<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1853\" data-end=\"1885\" data-col-size=\"md\">Turbid (bacteria, salts)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1886\" data-end=\"1984\">\n<td data-start=\"1886\" data-end=\"1900\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Specific gravity<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1900\" data-end=\"1914\" data-col-size=\"sm\">1.010\u20131.025<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1914\" data-end=\"1984\" data-col-size=\"md\">Decreased (renal failure), increased (dehydration, diabetes)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1985\" data-end=\"2039\">\n<td data-start=\"1985\" data-end=\"1990\" data-col-size=\"sm\">pH<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1990\" data-end=\"2000\" data-col-size=\"sm\">4.5\u20137.5<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2000\" data-end=\"2039\" data-col-size=\"md\">Acidic (gout), alkaline (infections)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2040\" data-end=\"2110\">\n<td data-start=\"2040\" data-end=\"2048\" data-col-size=\"sm\">White<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2048\" data-end=\"2060\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Missing<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2060\" data-end=\"2110\" data-col-size=\"md\">Proteinuria in glomerulonephritis, nephropathy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2111\" data-end=\"2164\">\n<td data-start=\"2111\" data-end=\"2121\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Glucose<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2121\" data-end=\"2132\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Missing<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2132\" data-end=\"2164\" data-col-size=\"md\">Diabetes, endocrine disorders<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2165\" data-end=\"2221\">\n<td data-start=\"2165\" data-end=\"2181\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Ketone bodies<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2181\" data-end=\"2192\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Missing<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2192\" data-end=\"2221\" data-col-size=\"md\">Ketoacidosis, starvation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2222\" data-end=\"2277\">\n<td data-start=\"2222\" data-end=\"2234\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Leukocytes<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2234\" data-end=\"2252\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0\u20135 in the field of vision<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2252\" data-end=\"2277\" data-col-size=\"md\">Cystitis, pyelonephritis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2278\" data-end=\"2338\">\n<td data-start=\"2278\" data-end=\"2291\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Erythrocytes<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2291\" data-end=\"2309\" data-col-size=\"sm\">0\u20132 in the field of view<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2309\" data-end=\"2338\" data-col-size=\"md\">Stones, tumors, injuries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2392\">\n<td data-start=\"2339\" data-end=\"2350\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Epithelium<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2350\" data-end=\"2370\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Single cells<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2370\" data-end=\"2392\" data-col-size=\"md\">Inflammatory processes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 data-start=\"2394\" data-end=\"2440\"><strong data-start=\"2397\" data-end=\"2438\">How to properly prepare for the analysis<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2441\" data-end=\"2514\">To ensure reliable results, several rules must be followed:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2515\" data-end=\"2868\">\n<li data-start=\"2515\" data-end=\"2572\">\n<p data-start=\"2517\" data-end=\"2572\">Collect morning urine because it is the most concentrated.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2573\" data-end=\"2614\">\n<p data-start=\"2575\" data-end=\"2614\">Use a sterile container.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2615\" data-end=\"2674\">\n<p data-start=\"2617\" data-end=\"2674\">Before collecting, perform a thorough toilet of the genitals.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2675\" data-end=\"2707\">\n<p data-start=\"2677\" data-end=\"2707\">Collect a medium portion of urine.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2708\" data-end=\"2825\">\n<p data-start=\"2710\" data-end=\"2825\">On the eve, avoid drinking alcohol, large amounts of coffee, and foods that change the color of urine (beets, carrots).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2826\" data-end=\"2868\">\n<p data-start=\"2828\" data-end=\"2868\">Do not take the test during menstruation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"2870\" data-end=\"2920\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10482\" src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/zensina-ucenyi-s-hidzabom-rabotaet-v-laboratorii-s-mikroskopom.jpg\" alt=\"A laboratory technician examines urine sediment under a microscope\" width=\"1200\" height=\"801\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/zensina-ucenyi-s-hidzabom-rabotaet-v-laboratorii-s-mikroskopom.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/zensina-ucenyi-s-hidzabom-rabotaet-v-laboratorii-s-mikroskopom-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/zensina-ucenyi-s-hidzabom-rabotaet-v-laboratorii-s-mikroskopom-600x401.jpg 600w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/zensina-ucenyi-s-hidzabom-rabotaet-v-laboratorii-s-mikroskopom-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/zensina-ucenyi-s-hidzabom-rabotaet-v-laboratorii-s-mikroskopom-1024x684.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/zensina-ucenyi-s-hidzabom-rabotaet-v-laboratorii-s-mikroskopom-768x513.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2 data-start=\"2870\" data-end=\"2920\"><strong data-start=\"2873\" data-end=\"2918\">What a complete urine test can reveal<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"2921\" data-end=\"3219\">\n<li data-start=\"2921\" data-end=\"2987\">\n<p data-start=\"2923\" data-end=\"2987\">Urinary tract infections (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2988\" data-end=\"3012\">\n<p data-start=\"2990\" data-end=\"3012\">Urolithiasis.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3013\" data-end=\"3075\">\n<p data-start=\"3015\" data-end=\"3075\">Kidney disease (glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3076\" data-end=\"3126\">\n<p data-start=\"3078\" data-end=\"3126\">Endocrine disorders, including diabetes.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3127\" data-end=\"3172\">\n<p data-start=\"3129\" data-end=\"3172\">Liver and pancreas pathologies.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3173\" data-end=\"3219\">\n<p data-start=\"3175\" data-end=\"3219\">Pregnancy complications, such as gestosis.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"3221\" data-end=\"3264\"><strong data-start=\"3224\" data-end=\"3262\">Why it is worth taking the ZAS regularly<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3265\" data-end=\"3590\">Regular passage <a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/general-analysis-of-the-market\/\" title=\"General urine analysis (GUA) and Nechyporenko analysis: rules for preparation and conduct\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"588\">general urine analysis<\/a> allows you to detect pathologies at an early stage. In many cases, this test is the key to timely diagnosis and prevention of serious diseases. Given its availability and simplicity, doctors recommend doing it at least once a year during a preventive examination.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3592\" data-end=\"3890\">\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0447\u0456 \u0454 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c, \u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043c \u0456\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043d\u0456. \u0412\u0456\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0454 \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0438\u00bb \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0456 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u0456\u043a\u0430\u0440\u044e \u0446\u0456\u043d\u043d\u0456 \u043f\u0456\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0457 \u0434\u0456\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0414\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b <a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/rozshyfrovka-analiziv-ta-pidgotovka\/\" title=\"Analysis interpretation and preparation\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"13\">\u043f\u0456\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0456 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0456 \u0446\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0456\u0437\u0443<\/a> \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432\u2019\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0456 \u0432\u0441\u044c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0437\u043c\u0443.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A complete urinalysis (CUR) is a basic laboratory test that is widely used in medical practice. The ease of collection, speed of execution, and<\/p>","protected":false},"author":627,"featured_media":10481,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[233],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10480","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-rozshyfrovka-analiziv-ta-pidgotovka"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10480","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/627"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10480"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10480\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13373,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10480\/revisions\/13373"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10481"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10480"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10480"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10480"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}