{"id":10484,"date":"2025-09-14T13:25:05","date_gmt":"2025-09-14T10:25:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/?p=10484"},"modified":"2026-05-27T12:02:21","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T09:02:21","slug":"tochnist-onkomarkeriv-suchasnyj-naukovyj-poglyad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/tochnist-onkomarkeriv-suchasnyj-naukovyj-poglyad\/","title":{"rendered":"The accuracy of tumor markers: a modern scientific view"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"57\" data-end=\"506\">In modern oncology, laboratory diagnostics plays an extremely important role, and <a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/what-are-oncomarkers-and-when-should-they-be-tested\/\">tumor markers<\/a> have become one of the key tools in the early detection and monitoring of malignant neoplasms. However, the question of their accuracy remains debatable. None of the known markers is completely specific or sensitive, which creates the need to combine these tests with other methods - imaging, histological and molecular genetic.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"508\" data-end=\"557\"><strong data-start=\"511\" data-end=\"555\">Scientific determination of tumor marker accuracy<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"558\" data-end=\"641\">Accuracy in diagnostic tests is understood as an integrative indicator that combines:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"642\" data-end=\"994\">\n<li data-start=\"642\" data-end=\"737\">\n<p data-start=\"644\" data-end=\"737\"><strong data-start=\"644\" data-end=\"672\">Sensitivity<\/strong> \u2014 the probability of getting a positive result in a patient with cancer.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"738\" data-end=\"839\">\n<p data-start=\"740\" data-end=\"839\"><strong data-start=\"740\" data-end=\"771\">Specificity<\/strong> \u2014 the probability of obtaining a negative result in a healthy patient.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"840\" data-end=\"994\">\n<p data-start=\"842\" data-end=\"994\"><strong data-start=\"842\" data-end=\"877\">Predictive value (PPV\/NPV)<\/strong> \u2014 the extent to which the results can be extrapolated to clinical practice, depending on the prevalence of the disease in the population.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"996\" data-end=\"1191\">International clinical guidelines (NCCN, ESMO, WHO) state that tumor markers are of limited value for primary screening, but are valuable in monitoring treatment and detecting relapses.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"1193\" data-end=\"1247\"><strong data-start=\"1196\" data-end=\"1245\">Accuracy of basic tumor markers: clinical data<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_1rjym_1\">\n<div class=\"group _tableWrapper_1rjym_13 flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"2217\">\n<thead data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1357\">\n<tr data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1357\">\n<th data-start=\"1249\" data-end=\"1262\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Tumor marker<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1262\" data-end=\"1291\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Main localization of tumors<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1291\" data-end=\"1312\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Medium sensitivity<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1312\" data-end=\"1336\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Average specificity<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1336\" data-end=\"1357\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Scientific comments<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1468\" data-end=\"2217\">\n<tr data-start=\"1468\" data-end=\"1677\">\n<td data-start=\"1468\" data-end=\"1504\" data-col-size=\"sm\">PSA (prostate-specific antigen)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1504\" data-end=\"1532\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Prostate cancer<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1532\" data-end=\"1541\" data-col-size=\"sm\">60\u201380%<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1541\" data-end=\"1550\" data-col-size=\"sm\">50\u201370%<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1550\" data-end=\"1677\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Also increases in benign hyperplasia; therefore, used in screening along with digital rectal examination and MRI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1678\" data-end=\"1796\">\n<td data-start=\"1678\" data-end=\"1687\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/ovarian-cancer-marker-sa-125\/\">CA-125<\/a><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1687\" data-end=\"1702\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Ovarian cancer<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1702\" data-end=\"1711\" data-col-size=\"sm\">70\u201385%<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1711\" data-end=\"1720\" data-col-size=\"sm\">50\u201360%<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1720\" data-end=\"1796\" data-col-size=\"lg\">High values are possible with endometriosis and pelvic inflammatory disease.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1797\" data-end=\"1957\">\n<td data-start=\"1797\" data-end=\"1834\" data-col-size=\"sm\">CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1834\" data-end=\"1868\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Colorectal cancer, lung cancer<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1868\" data-end=\"1877\" data-col-size=\"sm\">40\u201370%<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1877\" data-end=\"1886\" data-col-size=\"sm\">60\u201380%<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1886\" data-end=\"1957\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Often elevated in smokers; not recommended for mass screening<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1958\" data-end=\"2076\">\n<td data-start=\"1958\" data-end=\"1984\" data-col-size=\"sm\">AFP (alpha-fetoprotein)<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1984\" data-end=\"2012\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Hepatocellular carcinoma<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2012\" data-end=\"2021\" data-col-size=\"sm\">50\u201370%<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2021\" data-end=\"2030\" data-col-size=\"sm\">80\u201390%<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2030\" data-end=\"2076\" data-col-size=\"lg\">When combined with liver ultrasound, accuracy increases<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2077\" data-end=\"2217\">\n<td data-start=\"2077\" data-end=\"2087\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/oncomarker-pidshlunkovoyi-zalozy-sa19-9\/\">CA 19-9<\/a><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2087\" data-end=\"2113\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Pancreatic cancer<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2113\" data-end=\"2122\" data-col-size=\"sm\">70\u201380%<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2122\" data-end=\"2131\" data-col-size=\"sm\">65\u201375%<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2131\" data-end=\"2217\" data-col-size=\"lg\">Often elevated in pancreatitis or cholestasis, so diagnostic value is limited<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"2219\" data-end=\"2343\">These data are summarized based on studies published in <em data-start=\"2277\" data-end=\"2307\">Journal of Clinical Oncology<\/em> and recommendations <strong data-start=\"2325\" data-end=\"2340\">Mayo Clinic<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2345\" data-end=\"2400\"><strong data-start=\"2348\" data-end=\"2398\">Factors affecting the accuracy of tumor markers<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"2401\" data-end=\"2782\">\n<li data-start=\"2401\" data-end=\"2504\">\n<p data-start=\"2404\" data-end=\"2504\"><strong data-start=\"2404\" data-end=\"2427\">Biological variations<\/strong> \u2014 levels can vary depending on age, gender, and hormonal status.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2505\" data-end=\"2620\">\n<p data-start=\"2508\" data-end=\"2620\"><strong data-start=\"2508\" data-end=\"2529\">Comorbidities<\/strong> \u2014 inflammatory processes, infections, liver and kidney diseases can increase the indicators.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2621\" data-end=\"2702\">\n<p data-start=\"2624\" data-end=\"2702\"><strong data-start=\"2624\" data-end=\"2649\">Pharmacological effects<\/strong> \u2014 certain medications can change the levels of tumor markers.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2703\" data-end=\"2782\">\n<p data-start=\"2706\" data-end=\"2782\"><strong data-start=\"2706\" data-end=\"2731\">Methodological errors<\/strong> \u2014 sample collection, transportation and storage.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 data-start=\"2784\" data-end=\"2824\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-10487\" src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/zensina-srednih-let-s-rakom-kozi-razgovarivaet-so-svoim-vracom.jpg\" alt=\"Schematic diagram of tumor marker accuracy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/zensina-srednih-let-s-rakom-kozi-razgovarivaet-so-svoim-vracom.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/zensina-srednih-let-s-rakom-kozi-razgovarivaet-so-svoim-vracom-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/zensina-srednih-let-s-rakom-kozi-razgovarivaet-so-svoim-vracom-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/zensina-srednih-let-s-rakom-kozi-razgovarivaet-so-svoim-vracom-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/zensina-srednih-let-s-rakom-kozi-razgovarivaet-so-svoim-vracom-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/zensina-srednih-let-s-rakom-kozi-razgovarivaet-so-svoim-vracom-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2 data-start=\"2784\" data-end=\"2824\"><strong data-start=\"2787\" data-end=\"2822\">Scientific discussions and perspectives<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2825\" data-end=\"3178\">Modern <a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/what-oncomarkers-show-we-will-explain-simply-and-professionally\/\" title=\"What tumor markers show: we explain them simply and professionally\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"439\">oncology<\/a> increasingly turning to multigene and molecular genetic tests, which, in combination with tumor markers, can increase diagnostic accuracy. Use <strong data-start=\"3005\" data-end=\"3028\">biomarker panels<\/strong>, as well as liquid biopsy (analysis of circulating tumor DNA in the blood) may become a more promising method for early cancer detection in the future.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"3180\" data-end=\"3230\"><strong data-start=\"3183\" data-end=\"3228\">Practical conclusions for clinical practice<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"3231\" data-end=\"3642\">\n<li data-start=\"3231\" data-end=\"3306\">\n<p data-start=\"3233\" data-end=\"3306\">Tumor markers should not be used as the sole diagnostic tool.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3307\" data-end=\"3394\">\n<p data-start=\"3309\" data-end=\"3394\">The greatest value is in monitoring the course of the disease and assessing the effectiveness of therapy.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3395\" data-end=\"3532\">\n<p data-start=\"3397\" data-end=\"3532\">To increase accuracy, it is recommended to use <strong data-start=\"3449\" data-end=\"3487\">combined diagnostic strategies<\/strong> (imaging + laboratory + histology).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3533\" data-end=\"3642\">\n<p data-start=\"3535\" data-end=\"3642\">Patients should understand: an elevated marker level is not a diagnosis, but a reason for further examination.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3644\" data-end=\"3793\">The accuracy of tumor markers has clear limitations, but when combined with modern diagnostic methods, they remain an important element of evidence-based medicine.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In modern oncology, laboratory diagnostics play an extremely important role, and tumor markers have become one of the key tools in early detection and<\/p>","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":10486,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10484","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/97"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10484"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10484\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10486"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10484"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10484"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}