{"id":8555,"date":"2025-02-05T08:28:48","date_gmt":"2025-02-05T06:28:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/?p=8555"},"modified":"2026-04-20T18:54:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T15:54:40","slug":"specific-immunoglobulins-role-in-the-diagnosis-of-allergies-and-infectious-diseases","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/specific-immunoglobulins-role-in-the-diagnosis-of-allergies-and-infectious-diseases\/","title":{"rendered":"Specific immunoglobulins: role in the diagnosis of allergies and infectious diseases"},"content":{"rendered":"
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What are specific immunoglobulins?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Immunoglobulins are proteins produced by B lymphocytes and play a key role in protecting the body against viruses, bacteria, fungi, and allergens. They act like antibodies, recognizing foreign agents and neutralizing them.<\/p>\n

Specific immunoglobulins are special antibodies that the body produces in response to a specific pathogen or substance. Their determination in the blood helps to diagnose infectious diseases, assess the immune response after vaccination, and detect allergic reactions.<\/p>\n

\u201cImmunoglobulins are not just markers of diseases, but powerful diagnostic tools that help doctors determine what the human immune system is reacting to,\u201d explains immunologist Andriy Hrytsenko.<\/p>\n

Classes of specific immunoglobulins and their significance<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Different classes of immunoglobulins perform distinct functions in the immune response.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Immunoglobulin type<\/strong><\/th>\nFunctions<\/strong><\/th>\nWhat determines<\/strong><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
IgA<\/strong><\/td>\nProtects mucous membranes (respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract) from viruses and bacteria<\/td>\nInfectious diseases, chronic inflammatory processes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IgG<\/strong><\/td>\nResponsible for long-lasting immunity after infections or vaccinations<\/td>\nDiagnosis of viral and bacterial infections, vaccination effectiveness<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IgM<\/strong><\/td>\nFirst line of defense against acute infections<\/td>\nAcute phases of infectious diseases<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IgE<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\nResponsible for allergic reactions, activates histamine<\/td>\nDetection of allergic diseases, bronchial asthma<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IgD<\/strong><\/td>\nLittle studied, participates in triggering the immune response<\/td>\nImmunodeficiency research<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u201cIf a patient has an elevated level of IgE, this almost always indicates the presence of an allergic reaction, especially if the symptoms are chronic,\u201d notes allergist Olena Savchuk.<\/p>\n

\"Immune<\/p>\n

The role of specific immunoglobulins in the diagnosis of allergies<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)<\/a> is the main indicator of allergic reactions. Its increase indicates hypersensitivity to certain substances.<\/p>\n

The process of an allergic reaction includes several stages:<\/p>\n

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  1. Upon first contact with an allergen, the body produces specific IgE, which binds to immune system cells.<\/li>\n
  2. Upon re-exposure, the allergen binds to these antibodies, causing the release of histamine.<\/li>\n
  3. This causes allergy symptoms: rash, itching, swelling, shortness of breath, or even anaphylaxis.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u201cDiagnosis of allergies based on the level of specific IgE allows not only to confirm the body's reaction, but also to determine which allergens it occurs to,\u201d says allergist Viktoriya Romanenko.<\/p>\n

    Specific immunoglobulin tests for infectious diseases<\/strong><\/h2>\n

    Specific IgG and IgM tests are used to identify the stage of the infectious process.<\/p>\n