{"id":8865,"date":"2024-10-06T20:36:33","date_gmt":"2024-10-06T17:36:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/?p=8865"},"modified":"2026-07-22T22:18:46","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T19:18:46","slug":"genetic-predisposition-as-a-hereditary-factor-affecting-the-risk-of-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/genetic-predisposition-as-a-hereditary-factor-affecting-the-risk-of-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Genetic predisposition: how heredity affects the risk of disease"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"335\" data-end=\"367\"><strong>What is genetic predisposition?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"369\" data-end=\"664\">Genetic predisposition is an increased risk of developing certain diseases due to the presence of specific genetic variants (mutations) that are passed down from parents. This does not mean that a person will necessarily develop the disease, but the likelihood of developing the disease is significantly higher than in people without such changes in their DNA.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"666\" data-end=\"841\">WHO notes that about <strong data-start=\"692\" data-end=\"747\">10% All diseases have a clear genetic component<\/strong>, and even more diseases are of a mixed nature, where genes interact with environmental factors (WHO, 2023).<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"843\" data-end=\"897\"><strong>What diseases are associated with genetic predisposition?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"899\" data-end=\"1343\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"899\" data-end=\"997\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"901\" data-end=\"997\"><strong data-start=\"901\" data-end=\"914\">Oncology<\/strong>: breast cancer (<a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/oncogenetics-brca1-brca2-identification-of-genetic-polymorphisms-associated-with-the-risk-of-breast-cancer\/\">BRCA1\/2<\/a>), prostate cancer, colorectal cancer (Lynch syndrome)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"998\" data-end=\"1075\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1000\" data-end=\"1075\"><strong data-start=\"1000\" data-end=\"1032\">Cardiovascular diseases<\/strong>: early infarction, hypertension, thrombophilia<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1076\" data-end=\"1137\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1078\" data-end=\"1137\"><strong data-start=\"1078\" data-end=\"1101\">Metabolic diseases<\/strong>: type 2 diabetes, obesity<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1138\" data-end=\"1203\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1203\"><strong data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1160\">Mental disorders<\/strong>: depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1204\" data-end=\"1255\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1206\" data-end=\"1255\"><strong data-start=\"1206\" data-end=\"1220\">Neurology<\/strong>: Alzheimer&#039;s disease, Parkinson&#039;s disease<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1256\" data-end=\"1343\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1258\" data-end=\"1343\"><strong data-start=\"1258\" data-end=\"1285\">Autoimmune diseases<\/strong>: celiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8867\" src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/woman-having-headache.jpg\" alt=\"Schematic representation of the family tree with diagnoses\" width=\"1200\" height=\"845\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/woman-having-headache.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/woman-having-headache-150x106.jpg 150w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/woman-having-headache-600x423.jpg 600w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/woman-having-headache-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/woman-having-headache-1024x721.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/woman-having-headache-768x541.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1345\" data-end=\"1370\"><strong>How to detect a predisposition<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1372\" data-end=\"1522\">You can identify the tendency using <a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/genetic-testing-possibilities-types-and-characteristics-of-implementation\/\"><strong data-start=\"1410\" data-end=\"1431\">genetic tests<\/strong><\/a>. Most often, they analyze specific gene variants associated with increased risk.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1524\" data-end=\"1564\">Some tests are recommended if you have:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1565\" data-end=\"1781\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1565\" data-end=\"1611\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1567\" data-end=\"1611\">multiple cases of the same type of cancer in the family<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1612\" data-end=\"1660\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1614\" data-end=\"1660\">diagnoses in close relatives at a young age<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1661\" data-end=\"1727\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1727\">rare or severe chronic diseases with no identified cause<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1728\" data-end=\"1781\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1730\" data-end=\"1781\">planning a child with an existing diagnosis in the family<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1783\" data-end=\"1824\"><strong>How do risks differ from diagnosis?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1826\" data-end=\"2031\">It is important to understand: <strong data-start=\"1844\" data-end=\"1884\">genetic predisposition is not a disease<\/strong>. This is a factor that indicates a higher probability of its occurrence. The presence of a mutation is only one of the components. The development of the disease is also influenced by:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2033\" data-end=\"2189\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2033\" data-end=\"2082\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2035\" data-end=\"2082\">lifestyle (nutrition, physical activity)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2083\" data-end=\"2134\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2085\" data-end=\"2134\">external environment (ecology, stress, toxins)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2135\" data-end=\"2159\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2137\" data-end=\"2159\">concomitant diseases<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2160\" data-end=\"2189\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2162\" data-end=\"2189\">hormonal and age-related changes<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2191\" data-end=\"2279\">Therefore, timely identification of genetic factors allows measures to be taken to reduce the risk.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2281\" data-end=\"2292\"><strong>Example<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2294\" data-end=\"2552\">A woman has a BRCA1 mutation. This increases her risk of developing breast cancer to 80%. But if she gets annual MRIs, makes lifestyle changes, and in some cases, gets preventive treatment, her chances of detecting cancer early or preventing it increase significantly.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2554\" data-end=\"2597\"><strong>Table: Examples of genetic predisposition<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto contain-inline-size\">\n<div class=\"table-scroll\"><table data-start=\"2599\" data-end=\"3460\">\n<thead data-start=\"2599\" data-end=\"2721\">\n<tr data-start=\"2599\" data-end=\"2721\">\n<th data-start=\"2599\" data-end=\"2626\">Disease<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2626\" data-end=\"2654\">Associated gene<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2654\" data-end=\"2679\">Risk of mutation<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2679\" data-end=\"2721\">Recommended actions<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"2845\" data-end=\"3460\">\n<tr data-start=\"2845\" data-end=\"2967\">\n<td>Breast cancer<\/td>\n<td>BRCA1, BRCA2<\/td>\n<td>Up to 80%<\/td>\n<td>Monitoring, prevention<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2968\" data-end=\"3090\">\n<td>Thrombophilia<\/td>\n<td>F5, <a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/study-of-blood-clotting-functions\/genetics-plr-pcr-thrombophilia-identification-of-genetic-polymorphisms\/\">F2<\/a><\/td>\n<td>3\u20135 times higher<\/td>\n<td>Coagulogram, hormone avoidance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3091\" data-end=\"3214\">\n<td>Type 2 diabetes<\/td>\n<td>TCF7L2, PPARG<\/td>\n<td>+40\u201360%<\/td>\n<td>Weight control, nutrition<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3215\" data-end=\"3337\">\n<td>Alzheimer&#039;s disease<\/td>\n<td>APOE \u03b54<\/td>\n<td>Up to 3 times higher<\/td>\n<td>Prevention of cognitive disorders<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3338\" data-end=\"3460\">\n<td>Hemochromatosis<\/td>\n<td>HFE<\/td>\n<td>5\u201310 times higher<\/td>\n<td>Avoid iron, monitor ferritin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"3462\" data-end=\"3498\"><strong>What international organizations say<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3500\" data-end=\"3867\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3500\" data-end=\"3651\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3502\" data-end=\"3651\"><strong data-start=\"3502\" data-end=\"3509\">FDA<\/strong> approves tests that detect hereditary predisposition to diseases and recommends them for family planning or if there is a family history<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3652\" data-end=\"3776\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3654\" data-end=\"3776\"><strong data-start=\"3654\" data-end=\"3669\">Mayo Clinic<\/strong> emphasizes the role of genetic counseling \u2014 correct understanding of the result is key to decision-making<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3777\" data-end=\"3867\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3779\" data-end=\"3867\"><strong data-start=\"3779\" data-end=\"3786\">WHO<\/strong> considers genetic diagnostics as part of the preventive medicine of the future<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Genetic predisposition is not a sentence, but a tool. By learning more about your DNA profile, you can change the course of events: reduce risks, make better health choices, and take timely care of your future.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is genetic predisposition? Genetic predisposition is an increased risk of developing certain diseases due to the presence of specific genetic variants (mutations) that<\/p>","protected":false},"author":627,"featured_media":8866,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,234],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8865","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zahvoryuvannya-ta-symptomy","category-imunitet-ta-profilaktyka"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8865","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/627"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8865"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8865\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8865"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8865"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8865"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}