{"id":8965,"date":"2024-12-15T14:26:27","date_gmt":"2024-12-15T12:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/?p=8965"},"modified":"2026-04-20T18:54:45","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T15:54:45","slug":"prostate-specific-antigen-is-a-key-test-for-prostate-health-evaluation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/prostate-specific-antigen-is-a-key-test-for-prostate-health-evaluation\/","title":{"rendered":"PSA (prostate-specific antigen): a key test for assessing prostate health"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"\" data-start=\"229\" data-end=\"267\"><strong data-start=\"229\" data-end=\"267\">What is PSA and why is it measured?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"269\" data-end=\"527\">PSA is a protein produced by prostate cells. Normally, small amounts of it circulate in the blood. Elevated PSA levels may indicate pathological changes in the prostate: inflammation (prostatitis), benign hyperplasia, or malignant formation.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"529\" data-end=\"730\">In accordance with <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/psa-test\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"538\" data-end=\"605\">Mayo Clinic<\/a>, the PSA test is used as a screening method to detect prostate cancer in its early stages, when symptoms are not yet present.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"732\" data-end=\"766\"><strong data-start=\"732\" data-end=\"766\">Who is recommended to take PSA?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"768\" data-end=\"1034\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"768\" data-end=\"807\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"770\" data-end=\"807\">men over 45 years old - every year<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"808\" data-end=\"872\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"810\" data-end=\"872\">individuals with a strong family history (prostate cancer in relatives)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"873\" data-end=\"912\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"875\" data-end=\"912\">patients with urinary incontinence<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"913\" data-end=\"968\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"915\" data-end=\"968\">after prostate cancer treatment (to control recurrence)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"969\" data-end=\"1034\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"971\" data-end=\"1034\">on the recommendation of a urologist in case of suspected benign hyperplasia<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1036\" data-end=\"1076\"><strong data-start=\"1036\" data-end=\"1076\">Types of PSA and their diagnostic significance<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto contain-inline-size\">\n<table data-start=\"1078\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<thead data-start=\"1078\" data-end=\"1186\">\n<tr data-start=\"1078\" data-end=\"1186\">\n<th data-start=\"1078\" data-end=\"1102\">PSA type<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1102\" data-end=\"1141\">Explanation<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1141\" data-end=\"1186\">Diagnostic role<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1297\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<tr data-start=\"1297\" data-end=\"1406\">\n<td>General (<a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/prostate-spetsyfichnyj-antygen-zagalnyj-total-psa\/\">Total PSA<\/a>)<\/td>\n<td>Total PSA in the blood<\/td>\n<td>Basic prostate marker<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1407\" data-end=\"1516\">\n<td>Free (Free PSA)<\/td>\n<td>PSA not bound to blood proteins<\/td>\n<td>Clarification of the nature of the process<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1517\" data-end=\"1627\">\n<td>Free\/Total ratio<\/td>\n<td>Percentage<\/td>\n<td>Below 10\u201315% \u2014 increased cancer risk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p data-start=\"1629\" data-end=\"1659\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8967\" src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/PSA-2.jpg\" alt=\"Diagram of the structure of the prostate gland\" width=\"900\" height=\"506\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/PSA-2.jpg 900w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/PSA-2-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/PSA-2-600x337.jpg 600w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/PSA-2-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/PSA-2-768x432.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1629\" data-end=\"1659\"><strong data-start=\"1629\" data-end=\"1659\">PSA norm depending on age<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto contain-inline-size\">\n<table data-start=\"1661\" data-end=\"2032\">\n<thead data-start=\"1661\" data-end=\"1722\">\n<tr data-start=\"1661\" data-end=\"1722\">\n<th data-start=\"1661\" data-end=\"1682\">Age group<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1682\" data-end=\"1722\">PSA (ng\/ml)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1785\" data-end=\"2032\">\n<tr data-start=\"1785\" data-end=\"1846\">\n<td>Up to 50 years old<\/td>\n<td>up to 2.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1847\" data-end=\"1908\">\n<td>50\u201359 years old<\/td>\n<td>up to 3.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1909\" data-end=\"1970\">\n<td>60\u201369 years old<\/td>\n<td>up to 4.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1971\" data-end=\"2032\">\n<td>70+ years<\/td>\n<td>up to 6.5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2034\" data-end=\"2275\">As noted <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cancer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2046\" data-end=\"2109\">WHO<\/a>, an increase in PSA above 4 ng\/ml is a reason for further examination, but does not always mean cancer. Additionally, dynamics, symptoms, ultrasound results and biopsy are taken into account.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2277\" data-end=\"2311\"><strong data-start=\"2277\" data-end=\"2311\">What can affect PSA levels?<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2313\" data-end=\"2507\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2313\" data-end=\"2343\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2315\" data-end=\"2343\">inflammatory processes (prostatitis)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2344\" data-end=\"2378\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2346\" data-end=\"2378\">benign prostatic hyperplasia<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2379\" data-end=\"2425\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2381\" data-end=\"2425\">ejaculation within 48 hours before taking the test<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2426\" data-end=\"2465\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2428\" data-end=\"2465\">prostate massage or transrectal ultrasound<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2466\" data-end=\"2507\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2468\" data-end=\"2507\">physical activity, including cycling<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2509\" data-end=\"2546\"><strong data-start=\"2509\" data-end=\"2546\">Tips for preparing for analysis<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2548\" data-end=\"2756\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2548\" data-end=\"2598\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2550\" data-end=\"2598\">abstain from sex for 48 hours before blood collection<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2599\" data-end=\"2666\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2601\" data-end=\"2666\">avoid any pressure on the prostate area (biking, catheters)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2667\" data-end=\"2722\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2669\" data-end=\"2722\">do not undergo a prostate exam 3\u20135 days before the test<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2723\" data-end=\"2756\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2725\" data-end=\"2756\">donate blood on an empty stomach, in the morning<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2758\" data-end=\"2794\"><strong>How to interpret PSA results<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto contain-inline-size\">\n<table data-start=\"2796\" data-end=\"3419\">\n<thead data-start=\"2796\" data-end=\"2899\">\n<tr data-start=\"2796\" data-end=\"2899\">\n<th data-start=\"2796\" data-end=\"2818\">PSA level<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2818\" data-end=\"2855\">Possible values<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2855\" data-end=\"2899\">Actions<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"3005\" data-end=\"3419\">\n<tr data-start=\"3005\" data-end=\"3108\">\n<td>Up to 2.5 ng\/ml<\/td>\n<td>Norm<\/td>\n<td>Annual observation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3109\" data-end=\"3212\">\n<td>2.5\u20134.0 ng\/ml<\/td>\n<td>Probable benign pathology<\/td>\n<td>Observation, analysis of Free PSA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3213\" data-end=\"3316\">\n<td>4.0\u201310.0 ng\/ml<\/td>\n<td>Average risk of cancer<\/td>\n<td>Biopsy, MRI of the prostate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3317\" data-end=\"3419\">\n<td>Above 10 ng\/ml<\/td>\n<td>High risk<\/td>\n<td>Immediate consultation with an oncologist<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3421\" data-end=\"3467\">Additional use of PSA after treatment<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3469\" data-end=\"3813\">After radical treatment of prostate cancer, PSA levels should decrease to minimal values (&lt;0.1 ng\/mL). An increase in dynamics is considered a possible marker of recurrence. As noted <a class=\"cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3653\" data-end=\"3730\">FDA<\/a>, PSA remains an important surveillance tool in postoperative patients.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3469\" data-end=\"3813\">PSA analysis is one of the most important screening methods in male urology. It helps to detect serious pathologies in time and prevent complications if used regularly and with correct interpretation of the results.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is PSA and why is it measured? PSA is a protein produced by prostate cells. Normally, its levels are small.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":627,"featured_media":8966,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8965","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8965","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/627"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8965"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8965\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8966"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8965"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8965"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8965"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}