{"id":8988,"date":"2024-10-13T18:15:32","date_gmt":"2024-10-13T15:15:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/?p=8988"},"modified":"2026-05-27T12:02:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-27T09:02:20","slug":"sequencing-of-the-new-generation-of-ngs-answers-to-the-main-question","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/sequencing-of-the-new-generation-of-ngs-answers-to-the-main-question\/","title":{"rendered":"Next-generation sequencing (NGS): answers to key questions"},"content":{"rendered":"<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"283\" data-end=\"325\"><strong>What is next-generation sequencing?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"327\" data-end=\"612\">Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a modern laboratory technique that allows millions of DNA or RNA fragments to be read simultaneously. Unlike older methods, NGS opens up the possibility of analyzing an entire genome, exome, or group of genes with high accuracy.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"614\" data-end=\"664\"><strong>What is the advantage of NGS over classical methods?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"666\" data-end=\"711\">NGS is faster, more accurate and more scalable. For example:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"713\" data-end=\"882\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"713\" data-end=\"770\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"715\" data-end=\"770\">One run allows for the analysis of hundreds of genes simultaneously.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"771\" data-end=\"814\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"773\" data-end=\"814\">Even the smallest mutations can be detected.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"882\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"817\" data-end=\"882\">Suitable for genome, transcriptome, microbiome, and virus analysis.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"884\" data-end=\"1079\">Compared to the Sanger method, NGS is more sensitive and cheaper for large data sets (see. <a class=\"cursor-pointer\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"980\" data-end=\"1077\">FDA<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1081\" data-end=\"1118\"><strong>Where is NGS used in medicine?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1120\" data-end=\"1171\">NGS is a tool that is used today in:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1503\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1173\" data-end=\"1249\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1249\"><strong data-start=\"1175\" data-end=\"1188\">Oncology<\/strong>: to detect mutations in tumors (e.g. BRCA1\/2, EGFR)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1250\" data-end=\"1318\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1252\" data-end=\"1318\"><strong data-start=\"1252\" data-end=\"1274\">Hereditary medicine<\/strong>: diagnosis of rare genetic syndromes<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1319\" data-end=\"1367\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1321\" data-end=\"1367\"><strong data-start=\"1321\" data-end=\"1349\">Prenatal diagnosis<\/strong>: fetal DNA analysis<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1368\" data-end=\"1436\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1370\" data-end=\"1436\"><strong data-start=\"1370\" data-end=\"1394\">Infectious medicine<\/strong>: detection of antibiotic resistance<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1437\" data-end=\"1503\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1439\" data-end=\"1503\"><strong data-start=\"1439\" data-end=\"1456\">Microbiology<\/strong>: studying the microbiome of the gut, skin, lungs<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-8990\" src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/sese.jpg\" alt=\"A new generation sequencer in operation\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/sese.jpg 800w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/sese-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/sese-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/sese-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/sese-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1505\" data-end=\"1544\"><strong>What does the analysis look like? Is it difficult?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1546\" data-end=\"1693\">No, it&#039;s simple. In most cases, sequencing requires a blood, saliva, or biopsy sample. Then everything happens in the lab:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"1695\" data-end=\"1809\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1695\" data-end=\"1719\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1698\" data-end=\"1719\">Isolation of DNA or RNA<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1720\" data-end=\"1760\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1723\" data-end=\"1760\">Fragmentation and library preparation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1761\" data-end=\"1782\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1764\" data-end=\"1782\">Starting the sequencer<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1783\" data-end=\"1809\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1786\" data-end=\"1809\">Bioinformatic processing<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1811\" data-end=\"1886\">The patient receives the result in the form of a report with a comment from a geneticist or doctor.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1888\" data-end=\"1926\"><strong>Does NGS influence treatment choices?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1928\" data-end=\"2000\">Yes, directly. In personalized medicine, NGS results help:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2002\" data-end=\"2173\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2002\" data-end=\"2075\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2004\" data-end=\"2075\">identify effective drugs (e.g., BRAF inhibitors in melanoma)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2076\" data-end=\"2140\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2078\" data-end=\"2140\">avoid medications that don&#039;t work (for example, if there is a KRAS mutation)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2141\" data-end=\"2173\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2143\" data-end=\"2173\">assess the risk of adverse reactions<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2175\" data-end=\"2334\">Such approaches are recommended <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/tests-procedures\/genetic-testing\/about\/pac-20384827\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"2202\" data-end=\"2295\">Mayo Clinic<\/a> for widespread use in oncology.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2336\" data-end=\"2381\"><strong>What is the cost and availability of sequencing?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2383\" data-end=\"2416\">Prices depend on the scope of the analysis:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2418\" data-end=\"2562\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2418\" data-end=\"2472\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2420\" data-end=\"2472\">Panel sequencing (10\u201350 genes): from 3,000 UAH<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2473\" data-end=\"2515\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2475\" data-end=\"2515\">Exome sequencing: 8,000\u201320,000 UAH<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2516\" data-end=\"2562\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2518\" data-end=\"2562\">Full genome sequencing: from 30,000 UAH<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2564\" data-end=\"2633\">Every year the price decreases, and laboratories become more accessible.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2635\" data-end=\"2677\"><strong>Comparison of sequencing types<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto contain-inline-size\">\n<table data-start=\"2679\" data-end=\"3211\">\n<thead data-start=\"2679\" data-end=\"2766\">\n<tr data-start=\"2679\" data-end=\"2766\">\n<th data-start=\"2679\" data-end=\"2702\">Sequencing type<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2702\" data-end=\"2725\">Scope of analysis<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2725\" data-end=\"2766\">Main application<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"2856\" data-end=\"3211\">\n<tr data-start=\"2856\" data-end=\"2944\">\n<td>Gene panel<\/td>\n<td>10\u2013100 genes<\/td>\n<td>Oncology, cardiogenetics<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2945\" data-end=\"3033\">\n<td>Exome sequencing<\/td>\n<td>All protein genes<\/td>\n<td>Hereditary diseases, rare mutations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3034\" data-end=\"3122\">\n<td>Complete genomic<\/td>\n<td>Whole genome<\/td>\n<td>Scientific research, clinical cases<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3123\" data-end=\"3211\">\n<td>RNA sequencing<\/td>\n<td>Gene expression<\/td>\n<td>Tumor and biomarker research<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"3213\" data-end=\"3261\"><strong>In which situations is NGS particularly recommended?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"3263\" data-end=\"3469\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3263\" data-end=\"3312\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3265\" data-end=\"3312\">Uncertain diagnosis after standard tests<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3313\" data-end=\"3373\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3315\" data-end=\"3373\">Family history of cancer or genetic diseases<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3374\" data-end=\"3429\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3376\" data-end=\"3429\">Pregnancy planning with suspected genetic risks<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3430\" data-end=\"3469\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3432\" data-end=\"3469\">Choosing targeted therapy for <a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/what-oncomarkers-show-we-will-explain-simply-and-professionally\/\" title=\"What tumor markers show: we explain them simply and professionally\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"434\">oncology<\/a><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"3471\" data-end=\"3498\"><strong>Is the technology safe?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3500\" data-end=\"3689\">Absolutely. The analysis is non-invasive or minimally invasive (depending on the material) and does not pose any health risks. The data is stored anonymously in accordance with bioethical standards.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3500\" data-end=\"3689\">NGS is more than just an analysis. It\u2019s a digital portrait of your body that helps doctors understand you better and treat you more accurately. In a world where medicine is becoming increasingly personalized, next-generation sequencing is its cornerstone.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is next-generation sequencing? Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) is a modern laboratory method that allows you to read<\/p>","protected":false},"author":627,"featured_media":8989,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8988","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zahvoryuvannya-ta-symptomy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8988","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/627"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8988"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8988\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8988"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8988"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8988"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}