{"id":9042,"date":"2024-10-09T22:15:59","date_gmt":"2024-10-09T19:15:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/?p=9042"},"modified":"2026-04-20T18:55:25","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T15:55:25","slug":"oncomarkers-of-the-gastrointestinal-tract-that-reveal-the-risk-of-cancer-early-after-symptoms","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/oncomarkers-of-the-gastrointestinal-tract-that-reveal-the-risk-of-cancer-early-after-symptoms\/","title":{"rendered":"Gastrointestinal tumor markers: how to detect cancer risks before symptoms appear"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;9042&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;2620&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.8&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.8\\\/5 - (2620 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u041e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0448\u043b\u0443\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e-\u043a\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443: \u044f\u043a \u0432\u0438\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0456\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0438&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;136.7&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 136.7px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.8\/5 - (2620 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"86\" data-end=\"153\"><strong data-start=\"89\" data-end=\"153\">What are tumor markers and what role do they play in diagnosis?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"155\" data-end=\"590\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/oncomarker-sh-kt-sa-242\/\">Tumor markers<\/a> \u2014 are specific proteins, glycoproteins or enzymes that are produced by tumor cells or the body in response to a malignant formation. They can be present in the blood, urine, pleural or abdominal fluid and signal the possible presence of an oncological process. In particular, gastrointestinal (GI) tumor markers help doctors detect pathologies of the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas at preclinical stages.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"592\" data-end=\"722\">These tests are not completely specific\u2014tumor marker levels can also be elevated in benign conditions. However, they are indispensable for:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"724\" data-end=\"929\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"724\" data-end=\"768\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"726\" data-end=\"768\">primary diagnosis of cancer in risk groups<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"769\" data-end=\"842\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"771\" data-end=\"842\">assessment of treatment effectiveness (surgery, chemotherapy or radiotherapy)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"843\" data-end=\"888\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"845\" data-end=\"888\">early detection of relapse after remission<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"889\" data-end=\"929\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"891\" data-end=\"929\">monitoring disease progression<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"931\" data-end=\"984\"><strong data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"984\">What tumor markers are studied in gastrointestinal diseases?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"overflow-x-auto contain-inline-size\">\n<table data-start=\"986\" data-end=\"2084\">\n<thead data-start=\"986\" data-end=\"1102\">\n<tr data-start=\"986\" data-end=\"1102\">\n<th data-start=\"986\" data-end=\"1001\">Tumor marker<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1001\" data-end=\"1030\">Full name<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1030\" data-end=\"1078\">The main pathologies associated with<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1078\" data-end=\"1102\">Reference value*<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1222\" data-end=\"2084\">\n<tr data-start=\"1222\" data-end=\"1359\">\n<td><strong data-start=\"1224\" data-end=\"1231\">CEA<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Carcinoembryonic antigen<\/td>\n<td>Cancer of the colon and rectum, stomach, pancreas, lungs<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 5 ng\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1360\" data-end=\"1479\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/oncomarker-pidshlunkovoyi-zalozy-sa19-9\/\"><strong data-start=\"1362\" data-end=\"1373\">CA 19-9<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td>Carbohydrate antigen 19-9<\/td>\n<td>Cancer of the pancreas, bile ducts, stomach<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 37 U\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1480\" data-end=\"1599\">\n<td><strong data-start=\"1482\" data-end=\"1493\">CA 72-4<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Mucin-like glycoprotein<\/td>\n<td>Cancer of the stomach, gastrointestinal junction<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 6.9 U\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1600\" data-end=\"1719\">\n<td><strong data-start=\"1602\" data-end=\"1609\">AFP<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Alpha-fetoprotein<\/td>\n<td>Primary liver cancer, hepatoma<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 10 ng\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1720\" data-end=\"1839\">\n<td><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/ovarian-cancer-marker-sa-125\/\"><strong data-start=\"1722\" data-end=\"1732\">CA 125<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td>High molecular weight antigen<\/td>\n<td>Peritoneal involvement in gastrointestinal cancer<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 35 U\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1840\" data-end=\"1961\">\n<td><strong data-start=\"1842\" data-end=\"1856\">CYFRA 21-1<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Cytokeratin 19 fragment<\/td>\n<td>Cancer of the esophagus, stomach<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 3.3 ng\/ml<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1962\" data-end=\"2084\">\n<td><strong data-start=\"1964\" data-end=\"1971\">TPS<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>Tissue polypeptide antigen<\/td>\n<td>Stomach and intestinal cancer<\/td>\n<td>&lt; 80 U\/L<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2086\" data-end=\"2150\">*Reference values may vary depending on the laboratory<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2086\" data-end=\"2150\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9044\" src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/onko98.jpg\" alt=\"table with types of tumor markers and values\" width=\"927\" height=\"620\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/onko98.jpg 927w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/onko98-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/onko98-600x401.jpg 600w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/onko98-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/onko98-768x514.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 927px) 100vw, 927px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"2152\" data-end=\"2204\"><strong data-start=\"2155\" data-end=\"2204\">Who is prescribed gastrointestinal tumor marker testing?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"2206\" data-end=\"2632\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2206\" data-end=\"2323\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2208\" data-end=\"2323\">Patients with suspicious symptoms: persistent abdominal pain, weight loss, stool changes, bleeding, food aversion<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2324\" data-end=\"2374\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2326\" data-end=\"2374\">People with a hereditary predisposition to oncological pathologies<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2375\" data-end=\"2448\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2377\" data-end=\"2448\">Patients who have completed treatment for gastrointestinal cancer \u2014 to detect recurrences<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2449\" data-end=\"2523\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2451\" data-end=\"2523\">In case of unclear diagnostic data - as part of differential diagnosis<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2524\" data-end=\"2632\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2526\" data-end=\"2632\">To assess response to treatment (for example, if the marker decreases after chemotherapy, the therapy is effective)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"2634\" data-end=\"2685\"><strong data-start=\"2637\" data-end=\"2685\">Features of tumor markers: advantages and limitations<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2687\" data-end=\"2704\"><strong data-start=\"2691\" data-end=\"2704\">Advantages:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2706\" data-end=\"2937\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2706\" data-end=\"2772\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2708\" data-end=\"2772\">Non-invasive: the study is performed with a venous blood sample<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2773\" data-end=\"2850\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2775\" data-end=\"2850\">Monitoring capability: dynamic level changes have diagnostic value<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2851\" data-end=\"2874\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2853\" data-end=\"2874\">Execution speed<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2875\" data-end=\"2937\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2877\" data-end=\"2937\">Indicator of recurrence before clinical manifestations appear<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2939\" data-end=\"2957\"><strong data-start=\"2943\" data-end=\"2957\">Limitation:<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2959\" data-end=\"3185\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2959\" data-end=\"3044\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2961\" data-end=\"3044\">Are not specific - may increase with inflammation or benign tumors<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3045\" data-end=\"3125\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3047\" data-end=\"3125\">Interpretation is only required in combination with other methods (CT, ultrasound, biopsy)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3126\" data-end=\"3185\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3128\" data-end=\"3185\">Not recommended for initial screening of healthy individuals<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3187\" data-end=\"3396\">The World Health Organization emphasizes that tumor markers should only be used as a <strong data-start=\"3286\" data-end=\"3321\">part of comprehensive diagnostics<\/strong> (<a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240030788\" target=\"_new\" rel=\"noopener\" data-start=\"3323\" data-end=\"3394\">WHO Guidelines<\/a>).<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3398\" data-end=\"3449\"><strong data-start=\"3401\" data-end=\"3449\">An example of the use of tumor markers in practice<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"3451\" data-end=\"3946\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3451\" data-end=\"3739\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3453\" data-end=\"3739\">A patient with suspected pancreatic cancer has an elevated CA 19-9 level. After surgery and chemotherapy, the marker returns to normal. Six months later, the marker increases again \u2014 a CT scan is performed, revealing metastasis. Thanks to early detection, it is possible to continue effective treatment.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3741\" data-end=\"3946\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3743\" data-end=\"3946\">A 45-year-old woman is undergoing a preventive check-up, and her AFP level is elevated. Additional examinations are prescribed - liver ultrasound, MRI. She is diagnosed with hepatocarcinoma at an early stage, which allows avoiding metastases.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3948\" data-end=\"3982\"><strong data-start=\"3951\" data-end=\"3982\">How to prepare for the analysis<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"3984\" data-end=\"4292\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3984\" data-end=\"4073\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3986\" data-end=\"4073\">The sample is taken on an empty stomach, at least 8 hours after the last meal.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4074\" data-end=\"4148\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4076\" data-end=\"4148\">For 24 hours - give up alcohol, physical and emotional overload<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4149\" data-end=\"4233\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4151\" data-end=\"4233\">If possible, stop taking certain medications (in consultation with your doctor)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4234\" data-end=\"4292\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4236\" data-end=\"4292\">Before the test, rest for 10\u201315 minutes in a calm state.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Gastrointestinal tumor markers are an effective, affordable, and quick way to get additional information about the body&#039;s condition. When used correctly, they allow doctors to act proactively, reducing mortality and improving patient prognosis. If you are at risk, discuss the feasibility of such a test with a specialist.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are tumor markers and what role do they play in diagnosis? Tumor markers are specific proteins, glycoproteins or enzymes that are produced by<\/p>","protected":false},"author":627,"featured_media":9043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9042","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u041e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0448\u043b\u0443\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e-\u043a\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u2014 \u044f\u043a\u0456 \u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0456 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u043e\u043b\u044c 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