{"id":9355,"date":"2025-05-06T15:24:53","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T12:24:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/?p=9355"},"modified":"2026-04-20T18:54:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T15:54:30","slug":"do-oncomarkers-always-mean-cancer-let-39-s-understand-without-fear-and-panic","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/do-oncomarkers-always-mean-cancer-let-39-s-understand-without-fear-and-panic\/","title":{"rendered":"Do tumor markers always mean cancer: let&#039;s figure it out without fear and panic"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"982\" data-end=\"1021\">What are tumor markers in simple words?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1023\" data-end=\"1346\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/what-are-oncomarkers-and-when-should-they-be-tested\/\">Tumor markers <\/a>\u2014 this <strong data-start=\"1040\" data-end=\"1087\">substances (usually proteins or glycoproteins)<\/strong>, which are produced by cells in response to certain processes in the body. Some of them actually increase in the case of malignant tumors, others - in the case of inflammation, infections, benign neoplasms, hormonal fluctuations, even during physical exertion or stress.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1348\" data-end=\"1428\">Tumor marker \u2260 tumor. It is only <strong data-start=\"1378\" data-end=\"1403\">potential \u201ccall\u201d<\/strong>, not the disease itself.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1430\" data-end=\"1444\">For example:<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1446\" data-end=\"1729\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1446\" data-end=\"1545\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1545\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/ovarian-cancer-marker-sa-125\/\"><strong data-start=\"1448\" data-end=\"1458\">CA-125<\/strong><\/a> can increase not only with ovarian cancer, but also with menstruation, appendicitis, and cirrhosis.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1546\" data-end=\"1680\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1680\"><strong data-start=\"1548\" data-end=\"1585\">PSA (prostate-specific antigen)<\/strong> often increases due to benign prostatic hyperplasia or even after cycling.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1681\" data-end=\"1729\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1683\" data-end=\"1729\"><strong data-start=\"1683\" data-end=\"1690\">SEA<\/strong> increases in smokers without any oncology.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"1731\" data-end=\"1768\">The most common myths about tumor markers<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1770\" data-end=\"1816\">Myth 1. One elevated tumor marker is cancer<\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1818\" data-end=\"1975\"><strong data-start=\"1818\" data-end=\"1833\">Reality:<\/strong> In most cases, the cause of the increase is <strong data-start=\"1877\" data-end=\"1894\">another problem<\/strong>: inflammation, cysts, hypothyroidism, liver damage or even physiological processes.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1977\" data-end=\"2031\">Myth 2. If tumor markers are normal, I am definitely healthy<\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2033\" data-end=\"2185\"><strong data-start=\"2033\" data-end=\"2048\">Reality:<\/strong> There are cancers that <strong data-start=\"2079\" data-end=\"2113\">are not accompanied by an increase<\/strong> no marker (e.g. early stages of melanoma or brain tumors).<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2187\" data-end=\"2240\">Myth 3. Tumor markers can replace biopsy or MRI<\/h3>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2242\" data-end=\"2368\"><strong data-start=\"2242\" data-end=\"2257\">Reality:<\/strong> Tumor markers are <strong data-start=\"2275\" data-end=\"2289\">auxiliary<\/strong> a tool that does not replace visualization or morphological verification of the diagnosis.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"2370\" data-end=\"2423\">Tumor markers: how doctors use them correctly<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2425\" data-end=\"2466\">Tumor markers <strong data-start=\"2437\" data-end=\"2460\">do not diagnose<\/strong>, but:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2468\" data-end=\"2754\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2468\" data-end=\"2526\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2470\" data-end=\"2526\"><strong data-start=\"2470\" data-end=\"2499\">help assess risk<\/strong>, when a tumor is suspected<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2527\" data-end=\"2602\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2529\" data-end=\"2602\"><strong data-start=\"2529\" data-end=\"2567\">used for observation<\/strong> according to an already established oncopathology<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2603\" data-end=\"2691\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2605\" data-end=\"2691\"><strong data-start=\"2605\" data-end=\"2643\">monitor the effectiveness of treatment<\/strong> (e.g., decreased CA-125 after chemotherapy)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2692\" data-end=\"2754\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2694\" data-end=\"2754\"><strong data-start=\"2694\" data-end=\"2716\">detect relapses<\/strong> after surgery or radiation therapy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"2756\" data-end=\"2818\">Table: tumor markers and their non-oncological causes of elevation<\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"2820\" data-end=\"3474\">\n<thead data-start=\"2820\" data-end=\"2901\">\n<tr data-start=\"2820\" data-end=\"2901\">\n<th data-start=\"2820\" data-end=\"2833\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Tumor marker<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2833\" data-end=\"2852\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Main meaning<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2852\" data-end=\"2901\" data-col-size=\"md\">Causes of increase not related to oncology<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"2985\" data-end=\"3474\">\n<tr data-start=\"2985\" data-end=\"3055\">\n<td data-start=\"2985\" data-end=\"2998\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2987\" data-end=\"2997\">CA-125<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2998\" data-end=\"3008\" data-col-size=\"sm\">ovaries<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"3008\" data-end=\"3055\">endometriosis, menstruation, pregnancy, cysts<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3056\" data-end=\"3135\">\n<td data-start=\"3056\" data-end=\"3070\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3058\" data-end=\"3069\">CA 19-9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3070\" data-end=\"3098\">pancreas, bile ducts<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"3098\" data-end=\"3135\">cholecystitis, pancreatitis, jaundice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3136\" data-end=\"3215\">\n<td data-start=\"3136\" data-end=\"3146\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3138\" data-end=\"3145\">PSA<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3146\" data-end=\"3169\">prostate gland<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"3169\" data-end=\"3215\">hyperplasia, prostatitis, physical activity<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3216\" data-end=\"3266\">\n<td data-start=\"3216\" data-end=\"3226\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/alpha-fetoprotein-afp\/\"><strong data-start=\"3218\" data-end=\"3225\">AFP<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3226\" data-end=\"3236\">liver<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"3236\" data-end=\"3266\">hepatitis, pregnancy, cirrhosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3267\" data-end=\"3327\">\n<td data-start=\"3267\" data-end=\"3277\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3269\" data-end=\"3276\">SEA<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3277\" data-end=\"3300\" data-col-size=\"sm\">large intestine, stomach<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"3300\" data-end=\"3327\">smoking, bronchitis, cirrhosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3328\" data-end=\"3401\">\n<td data-start=\"3328\" data-end=\"3338\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3330\" data-end=\"3337\">NCE<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3338\" data-end=\"3364\">neuroendocrine tumors<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"3364\" data-end=\"3401\">cirrhosis, liver infarction, epilepsy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3402\" data-end=\"3474\">\n<td data-start=\"3402\" data-end=\"3414\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"3404\" data-end=\"3413\">\u03b2-hCG<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3414\" data-end=\"3439\" data-col-size=\"sm\">trophoblastic tumors<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\" data-start=\"3439\" data-end=\"3474\">pregnancy, ovarian dysfunction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 data-start=\"3476\" data-end=\"3498\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9357\" src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/nurse-blood-draw.webp\" alt=\"table with tumor marker levels in the laboratory report\" width=\"1200\" height=\"799\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/nurse-blood-draw.webp 1200w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/nurse-blood-draw-150x100.webp 150w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/nurse-blood-draw-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/nurse-blood-draw-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/nurse-blood-draw-1024x682.webp 1024w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/nurse-blood-draw-768x511.webp 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/h2>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3476\" data-end=\"3498\">Practical example<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3500\" data-end=\"3734\"><strong data-start=\"3500\" data-end=\"3523\">Patient, 42 years old.<\/strong> After random tests, an elevated CA-125 level was detected (46 units\/ml with a normal value of 35). In a panic, he turns to an oncologist.<br data-start=\"3652\" data-end=\"3655\" \/>After ultrasound: <strong data-start=\"3666\" data-end=\"3683\">ovarian cyst<\/strong>. A tumor marker is a reaction to an inflammatory process, not cancer.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3736\" data-end=\"3842\">This is a typical situation. Over 70% of tumor marker elevations in clinical practice <strong data-start=\"3812\" data-end=\"3841\">not related to oncology<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3844\" data-end=\"3884\">What to do if the tumor marker is elevated<\/h2>\n<ol data-start=\"3886\" data-end=\"4203\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3886\" data-end=\"3923\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3889\" data-end=\"3923\"><strong data-start=\"3889\" data-end=\"3906\">Don&#039;t panic.<\/strong> \u2014 this is not a diagnosis.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3924\" data-end=\"3989\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3927\" data-end=\"3989\"><strong data-start=\"3927\" data-end=\"3952\">Take the test again<\/strong> in another laboratory in 2\u20133 weeks.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3990\" data-end=\"4062\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3993\" data-end=\"4062\"><strong data-start=\"3993\" data-end=\"4037\">Get tested by a doctor<\/strong> (ultrasound, MRI, CT, biopsy).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4063\" data-end=\"4126\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4066\" data-end=\"4126\"><strong data-start=\"4066\" data-end=\"4086\">Evaluate the dynamics<\/strong> \u2014 growth, decline or stable level.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4127\" data-end=\"4203\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4130\" data-end=\"4203\"><strong data-start=\"4130\" data-end=\"4156\">Consult with a specialist<\/strong> (oncologist, gynecologist, urologist, gastroenterologist).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"4205\" data-end=\"4247\">When tumor markers really matter<\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"4249\" data-end=\"4468\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4249\" data-end=\"4314\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4251\" data-end=\"4314\"><strong data-start=\"4251\" data-end=\"4283\">After diagnosis<\/strong> \u2014 to assess the success of treatment.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4315\" data-end=\"4382\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4317\" data-end=\"4382\"><strong data-start=\"4317\" data-end=\"4347\">In patients after surgery<\/strong> \u2014 for early detection of relapse.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4383\" data-end=\"4468\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4385\" data-end=\"4468\"><strong data-start=\"4385\" data-end=\"4423\">As part of comprehensive diagnostics<\/strong> \u2014 along with visual methods and clinical practice.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4470\" data-end=\"4577\"><strong data-start=\"4470\" data-end=\"4485\">Remember:<\/strong> the most valuable always remains <strong data-start=\"4517\" data-end=\"4553\">the doctor&#039;s balanced clinical thinking<\/strong>, rather than a single analysis.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What are tumor markers in simple words? Tumor markers are substances (usually proteins or glycoproteins) that are produced by cells in response to certain<\/p>","protected":false},"author":627,"featured_media":9356,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9355","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9355","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/627"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9355"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9355\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9355"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9355"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9355"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}