{"id":9386,"date":"2024-04-21T22:29:56","date_gmt":"2024-04-21T19:29:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/?p=9386"},"modified":"2026-04-20T18:55:30","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T15:55:30","slug":"dna-diagnostics-personalized-medicine-based-on-genetics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/dna-diagnostics-personalized-medicine-based-on-genetics\/","title":{"rendered":"DNA diagnostics: personalized medicine based on genetics"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"\" data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"795\">DNA diagnostics is a modern method of medical genetics that allows you to detect hereditary diseases, <a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/genetic-mutations-like-small-changes-form-large-consequences\/\">mutations<\/a>, predisposition to chronic diseases and response to drugs. This research is based on the study of individual human genetic information and is of great importance for a personalized approach in medicine.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"797\" data-end=\"922\">According to Candidate of Medical Sciences Olga Sirenko:<br data-start=\"831\" data-end=\"834\" \/>\u00ab&quot;A genetic test gives the doctor the key to preventing problems that have not yet had time to appear.&quot;.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"924\" data-end=\"953\">What does DNA diagnostics reveal?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"955\" data-end=\"987\">DNA testing can detect:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"1436\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"989\" data-end=\"1087\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"991\" data-end=\"1087\">the presence of mutations responsible for hereditary diseases (cystic fibrosis, SMA, phenylketonuria);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1088\" data-end=\"1167\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1167\">genetic predisposition to cancer, cardiovascular, endocrine disorders;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1168\" data-end=\"1207\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1170\" data-end=\"1207\">genetic characteristics of metabolism;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1208\" data-end=\"1267\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1267\">individual sensitivity to drugs (pharmacogenetics);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1268\" data-end=\"1296\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1270\" data-end=\"1296\">hereditary factors of infertility;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1297\" data-end=\"1369\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1299\" data-end=\"1369\">chromosomal abnormalities of the fetus (with non-invasive prenatal diagnosis);<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1370\" data-end=\"1436\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1372\" data-end=\"1436\">kinship (paternity tests, kinship, genealogy).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"1438\" data-end=\"1472\">Indications for analysis<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1474\" data-end=\"1521\">DNA analysis is recommended in the following cases:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1523\" data-end=\"1805\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1523\" data-end=\"1566\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1525\" data-end=\"1566\">the presence of hereditary diseases in the family;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1567\" data-end=\"1607\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1569\" data-end=\"1607\">suspicion of a genetic disease in a child;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1608\" data-end=\"1632\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1610\" data-end=\"1632\">pregnancy planning;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1633\" data-end=\"1678\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1635\" data-end=\"1678\">selection of therapy for chronic diseases;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1679\" data-end=\"1708\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1681\" data-end=\"1708\">oncological alertness;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1709\" data-end=\"1738\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1711\" data-end=\"1738\">establishing kinship;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1739\" data-end=\"1805\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1741\" data-end=\"1805\">unexplained symptoms that do not respond to traditional diagnosis.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1807\" data-end=\"1971\">As geneticist Iryna Chernenko notes:<br data-start=\"1848\" data-end=\"1851\" \/>\u00ab&quot;In complex cases, DNA analysis doesn&#039;t just help make a diagnosis. It removes uncertainty and guides treatment.&quot;.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1807\" data-end=\"1971\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9388\" src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/non-legal-city.jpg\" alt=\"Patient consultation with a geneticist\" width=\"700\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/non-legal-city.jpg 700w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/non-legal-city-150x113.jpg 150w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/non-legal-city-600x450.jpg 600w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/non-legal-city-300x225.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"1973\" data-end=\"1999\">How is DNA analysis done?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2001\" data-end=\"2035\">The procedure includes several stages:<\/p>\n<ol data-start=\"2037\" data-end=\"2323\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2037\" data-end=\"2104\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2040\" data-end=\"2104\">Material collection (cheek epithelium swab, saliva or venous blood).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2105\" data-end=\"2150\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2108\" data-end=\"2150\">Isolation and preparation of DNA in the laboratory.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2151\" data-end=\"2220\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2154\" data-end=\"2220\">Performing PCR, sequencing, or chipping, depending on the type of test.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2221\" data-end=\"2260\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2224\" data-end=\"2260\">Bioinformatic processing of results.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2261\" data-end=\"2323\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2264\" data-end=\"2323\">Consultation with a medical geneticist to interpret the findings.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"2325\" data-end=\"2366\">Types of DNA diagnostics and their purpose<\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"2368\" data-end=\"3274\">\n<thead data-start=\"2368\" data-end=\"2427\">\n<tr data-start=\"2368\" data-end=\"2427\">\n<th data-start=\"2368\" data-end=\"2380\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Test type<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2380\" data-end=\"2387\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Goal<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2387\" data-end=\"2403\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Recommended<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2403\" data-end=\"2427\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Expected result<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"2489\" data-end=\"3274\">\n<tr data-start=\"2489\" data-end=\"2612\">\n<td data-start=\"2489\" data-end=\"2513\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Monogenic diagnostics<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2513\" data-end=\"2545\">Detection of a single gene mutation<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2545\" data-end=\"2580\">If a specific disease is suspected<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2580\" data-end=\"2612\">Confirmation or exclusion<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2613\" data-end=\"2732\">\n<td data-start=\"2613\" data-end=\"2635\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Panel testing<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2635\" data-end=\"2656\">Gene group analysis<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2656\" data-end=\"2698\">For complex or family illnesses<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2698\" data-end=\"2732\">Identifying risks and combinations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2733\" data-end=\"2841\">\n<td data-start=\"2733\" data-end=\"2751\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Pharmacogenetics<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2751\" data-end=\"2776\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Assessing response to medication<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2776\" data-end=\"2812\">With prolonged or complex therapy<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2812\" data-end=\"2841\">Personal selection of medications<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2842\" data-end=\"2947\">\n<td data-start=\"2842\" data-end=\"2849\" data-col-size=\"sm\">NIPT<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2849\" data-end=\"2883\">Non-invasive fetal DNA testing<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2883\" data-end=\"2916\">During pregnancy from 10 weeks<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2916\" data-end=\"2947\">Risks of trisomies and anomalies<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2948\" data-end=\"3084\">\n<td data-start=\"2948\" data-end=\"2977\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Whole exome sequencing (WES)<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"2977\" data-end=\"3017\">Complete diagnosis of unclear conditions<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3017\" data-end=\"3049\">In children with severe disabilities<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3049\" data-end=\"3084\">Identification of rare mutations<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3085\" data-end=\"3185\">\n<td data-start=\"3085\" data-end=\"3106\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Genealogical tests<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3106\" data-end=\"3134\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Origin, relationship<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3134\" data-end=\"3148\">To all who wish<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3148\" data-end=\"3185\">Information about ethnic origin<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3186\" data-end=\"3274\">\n<td data-start=\"3186\" data-end=\"3200\" data-col-size=\"sm\">PGT for IVF<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3200\" data-end=\"3229\">Genetic analysis of the embryo<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3229\" data-end=\"3245\">For couples undergoing IVF<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\" data-start=\"3245\" data-end=\"3274\">Selection of healthy embryos<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3276\" data-end=\"3297\">What to consider<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3299\" data-end=\"3363\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/dna-analysis-methods-of-use-and-current-possibilities\/\">DNA analysis<\/a> does not always give a definitive answer. In some cases:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3365\" data-end=\"3558\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3365\" data-end=\"3435\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3367\" data-end=\"3435\">the result only indicates a predisposition, not the presence of the disease;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3436\" data-end=\"3494\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3438\" data-end=\"3494\">the clinical significance of the identified mutations may be unknown;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3495\" data-end=\"3558\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3497\" data-end=\"3558\">Interpretation of results requires specialized consultation.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3560\" data-end=\"3708\">Geneticist Andriy Kozyr notes:<br data-start=\"3590\" data-end=\"3593\" \/>\u00ab&quot;It&#039;s important for patients to remember that no gene acts in isolation. Context is important \u2014 lifestyle, history, environment.&quot;.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3710\" data-end=\"3740\">How long to wait for the result?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3742\" data-end=\"3805\">The duration of the test depends on the complexity of the study:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"3807\" data-end=\"3954\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3807\" data-end=\"3834\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3809\" data-end=\"3834\">simple mutations: 5\u20137 days;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3835\" data-end=\"3862\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3837\" data-end=\"3862\">gene panels: up to 14 days;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3863\" data-end=\"3906\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3865\" data-end=\"3906\">whole genome sequencing: up to 4\u20136 weeks;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3907\" data-end=\"3954\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3909\" data-end=\"3954\">non-invasive prenatal testing: 5\u20138 days.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3956\" data-end=\"3989\">Actions after receiving the result<\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"3991\" data-end=\"4263\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3991\" data-end=\"4032\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3993\" data-end=\"4032\">consult a geneticist;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4033\" data-end=\"4076\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4035\" data-end=\"4076\">if necessary, undergo additional examination;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4077\" data-end=\"4141\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4079\" data-end=\"4141\">transfer the results to a family doctor or specialist;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4142\" data-end=\"4196\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4144\" data-end=\"4196\">if necessary, examine relatives for mutation carriers;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"4197\" data-end=\"4263\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4199\" data-end=\"4263\">build an action plan for risk reduction or early intervention.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DNA diagnostics is a modern method of medical genetics that allows you to detect hereditary diseases, mutations, predisposition to chronic diseases and reactions to<\/p>","protected":false},"author":627,"featured_media":9387,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9386","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9386","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/627"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9386"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9386\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9387"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9386"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9386"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9386"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}