{"id":9535,"date":"2025-04-17T19:19:43","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T16:19:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/?p=9535"},"modified":"2026-07-23T11:13:06","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T08:13:06","slug":"brain-tumor-markers-that-help-diagnose-suspected-oncology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/brain-tumor-markers-that-help-diagnose-suspected-oncology\/","title":{"rendered":"Brain tumor markers: what tests help to suspect oncology"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"417\" data-end=\"496\">\u00abMRI is not always the first.\u00bb Why laboratory diagnostics are important in neuro-oncology<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"498\" data-end=\"912\">Most patients associate brain tumors exclusively with magnetic resonance imaging. However, in some cases, even before the appearance of imaging changes, it is possible to detect <strong data-start=\"656\" data-end=\"735\">tumor markers \u2014 specific or nonspecific proteins, metabolites or mutations<\/strong>, which are produced by the tumor itself or by the immune system in response to its presence. Their study is an important part of <strong data-start=\"846\" data-end=\"888\">comprehensive diagnostics and monitoring<\/strong> brain tumors.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"914\" data-end=\"955\">What are brain tumor markers?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"957\" data-end=\"1151\">Brain tumor markers are <strong data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1072\">substances that can be detected in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or tissues<\/strong>, and be associated with the presence of a neoplasm. They are classified by origin:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1153\" data-end=\"1335\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1153\" data-end=\"1202\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1155\" data-end=\"1202\"><strong data-start=\"1155\" data-end=\"1179\">Systemic tumor markers<\/strong> \u2013 circulate in the blood<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1203\" data-end=\"1272\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1205\" data-end=\"1272\"><strong data-start=\"1205\" data-end=\"1243\">Local (in the cerebrospinal fluid)<\/strong> \u2013 reflect changes in the CNS<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1273\" data-end=\"1335\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1275\" data-end=\"1335\"><strong data-start=\"1275\" data-end=\"1300\">Genetic\/molecular<\/strong> \u2013 tumors are detected in the biopsy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1337\" data-end=\"1482\">Although <strong data-start=\"1342\" data-end=\"1390\">There is no universal marker for brain tumors.<\/strong>, their combination helps to estimate <strong data-start=\"1424\" data-end=\"1481\">type, prognosis, treatment effectiveness and risk of recurrence<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"1484\" data-end=\"1543\">Key laboratory markers associated with brain tumors<\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1545\" data-end=\"1587\">1. <strong data-start=\"1552\" data-end=\"1585\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/onkomarker-nse-nejronspetsyfichna-enolaza\/\">NSE<\/a> (neurospecific enolase)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1588\" data-end=\"1729\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1588\" data-end=\"1661\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1590\" data-end=\"1661\">Increases with <strong data-start=\"1607\" data-end=\"1625\">neuroblastomas<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"1627\" data-end=\"1638\">glioma<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"1640\" data-end=\"1659\">medulloblastoma<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1662\" data-end=\"1729\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1664\" data-end=\"1729\">Often used for <strong data-start=\"1691\" data-end=\"1729\">monitoring the effectiveness of treatment<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1731\" data-end=\"1749\">2. <strong data-start=\"1738\" data-end=\"1747\">S100B<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1750\" data-end=\"1929\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1750\" data-end=\"1788\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1752\" data-end=\"1788\">Protein produced by astrocytes<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1789\" data-end=\"1859\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1791\" data-end=\"1859\">High levels may be associated with <strong data-start=\"1828\" data-end=\"1857\">high-grade gliomas<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1860\" data-end=\"1929\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1862\" data-end=\"1929\">It also increases with <strong data-start=\"1885\" data-end=\"1900\">CNS injuries<\/strong>, therefore requires differentiation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"1931\" data-end=\"1988\">3. <strong data-start=\"1938\" data-end=\"1986\">GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1989\" data-end=\"2092\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1989\" data-end=\"2049\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1991\" data-end=\"2049\">It is detected in the cerebrospinal fluid when <strong data-start=\"2031\" data-end=\"2047\">glioblastoma<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2050\" data-end=\"2092\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2052\" data-end=\"2092\">Indicator <strong data-start=\"2061\" data-end=\"2092\">glial cell damage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2094\" data-end=\"2123\">4. <strong data-start=\"2101\" data-end=\"2121\">\u03b22-microglobulin<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2124\" data-end=\"2221\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2124\" data-end=\"2161\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2126\" data-end=\"2161\">Increases with <strong data-start=\"2143\" data-end=\"2159\">CNS lymphomas<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2162\" data-end=\"2221\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2164\" data-end=\"2221\">Can be used as an additional prognostic marker<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9539\" src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/145-2.jpg\" alt=\"Brain tissue biopsy under a microscope with molecular markers\" width=\"1200\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/145-2.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/145-2-150x79.jpg 150w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/145-2-600x315.jpg 600w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/145-2-300x158.jpg 300w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/145-2-1024x538.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/145-2-768x403.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"2223\" data-end=\"2269\">Molecular markers in brain tumor tissues<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2271\" data-end=\"2394\">After biopsy or surgical removal of the neoplasm, molecular genetic testing is performed. The most important markers are:<\/p>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<div class=\"table-scroll\"><table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"2396\" data-end=\"2708\">\n<thead data-start=\"2396\" data-end=\"2417\">\n<tr data-start=\"2396\" data-end=\"2417\">\n<th data-start=\"2396\" data-end=\"2405\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Marker<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"2405\" data-end=\"2417\" data-col-size=\"md\">Value<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"2440\" data-end=\"2708\">\n<tr data-start=\"2440\" data-end=\"2490\">\n<td data-start=\"2440\" data-end=\"2456\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2442\" data-end=\"2455\">IDH1\/IDH2<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2456\" data-end=\"2490\" data-col-size=\"md\">Determine the type and prognosis of gliomas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2491\" data-end=\"2572\">\n<td data-start=\"2491\" data-end=\"2514\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2493\" data-end=\"2513\">1p\/19q codeletion<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2514\" data-end=\"2572\" data-col-size=\"md\">Prognostically favorable factor in oligodendrogliomas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2573\" data-end=\"2641\">\n<td data-start=\"2573\" data-end=\"2603\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2575\" data-end=\"2602\">MGMT promoter methylation<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2603\" data-end=\"2641\" data-col-size=\"md\">Shows sensitivity to chemotherapy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"2642\" data-end=\"2708\">\n<td data-start=\"2642\" data-end=\"2665\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"2644\" data-end=\"2664\">TP53, ATRX, TERT<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"2665\" data-end=\"2708\" data-col-size=\"md\">Mutations associated with aggressiveness of gliomas<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2710\" data-end=\"2796\">These markers help <strong data-start=\"2733\" data-end=\"2762\">personalize treatment<\/strong> and choose the most effective therapy.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"2798\" data-end=\"2849\">When are brain tumor marker tests prescribed?<\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"2851\" data-end=\"3224\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2851\" data-end=\"2941\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2853\" data-end=\"2941\">If there is <strong data-start=\"2860\" data-end=\"2881\">clinical symptoms<\/strong> (headache, vision changes, seizures) without an obvious cause<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2942\" data-end=\"3010\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2944\" data-end=\"3010\">At <strong data-start=\"2948\" data-end=\"2972\">suspected metastases<\/strong> into the brain from another primary focus<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3011\" data-end=\"3070\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3013\" data-end=\"3070\">In patients with <strong data-start=\"3028\" data-end=\"3068\">increased intracranial pressure<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3071\" data-end=\"3148\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3073\" data-end=\"3148\">After surgical removal of the tumor - for <strong data-start=\"3122\" data-end=\"3146\">relapse monitoring<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3149\" data-end=\"3224\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3151\" data-end=\"3224\">In progress <strong data-start=\"3161\" data-end=\"3224\">monitoring the effectiveness of chemotherapy or radiation therapy<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3226\" data-end=\"3269\">What limits diagnostics to markers alone?<\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"3271\" data-end=\"3547\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3271\" data-end=\"3356\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3273\" data-end=\"3356\"><strong data-start=\"3273\" data-end=\"3297\">Low specificity<\/strong> \u2014 many markers are elevated in non-oncological conditions<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3357\" data-end=\"3421\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3359\" data-end=\"3421\"><strong data-start=\"3359\" data-end=\"3397\">Lack of a universal marker<\/strong> \u2014 combination required<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3422\" data-end=\"3481\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3424\" data-end=\"3481\"><strong data-start=\"3424\" data-end=\"3445\">Does not replace MRI\/CT<\/strong>, but only complements the clinical picture<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3482\" data-end=\"3547\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3484\" data-end=\"3547\"><strong data-start=\"3484\" data-end=\"3519\">Molecular tissue diagnostics<\/strong> available only after biopsy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3549\" data-end=\"3589\">What other tests might be appropriate?<\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"3591\" data-end=\"3795\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3591\" data-end=\"3633\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3593\" data-end=\"3633\"><strong data-start=\"3593\" data-end=\"3605\">UAC, SRB<\/strong> \u2013 assessment of general condition<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3634\" data-end=\"3723\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3636\" data-end=\"3723\"><strong data-start=\"3636\" data-end=\"3661\">Spinal puncture<\/strong> \u2013 for CSF examination in case of suspected meningeal metastases<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3724\" data-end=\"3795\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3726\" data-end=\"3795\"><strong data-start=\"3726\" data-end=\"3765\">Genetic analysis of tumor tissue<\/strong> \u2013 after removal or biopsy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3797\" data-end=\"3966\">Tumor markers are not the answer, but <strong data-start=\"3835\" data-end=\"3847\">hint<\/strong>, where to look next. It is the comprehensive approach \u2014 laboratory + visualization + clinic \u2014 that allows you to accurately assess the situation.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00abMRI is not always the first.\u00bb Why laboratory diagnostics are important in neuro-oncology Most patients associate brain tumors exclusively with magnetic resonance imaging. However<\/p>","protected":false},"author":627,"featured_media":9538,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,233],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9535","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zahvoryuvannya-ta-symptomy","category-rozshyfrovka-analiziv-ta-pidgotovka"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9535","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/627"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9535"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9535\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9538"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9535"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9535"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9535"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}