{"id":9541,"date":"2024-08-23T19:34:44","date_gmt":"2024-08-23T16:34:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/?p=9541"},"modified":"2026-04-20T18:55:28","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T15:55:28","slug":"test-na-cytomegalovirus-komu-navishho-i-shho-oznachayut-results","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/test-na-cytomegalovirus-komu-navishho-i-shho-oznachayut-results\/","title":{"rendered":"Cytomegalovirus test: who, why and what the results mean"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"560\" data-end=\"632\">\u00ab&quot;Why is this virus known to everyone, but almost no one talks about it?&quot;\u00bb<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"634\" data-end=\"1026\">Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common viruses in the world. Most infected people do not even realize they have it. However, in some situations \u2014 <strong data-start=\"799\" data-end=\"870\">especially in pregnant women, newborns, and people with weakened immune systems<\/strong> \u2014 he can become a serious threat. That&#039;s why <strong data-start=\"918\" data-end=\"945\">cytomegalovirus test<\/strong> is an important part <strong data-start=\"966\" data-end=\"1025\">prenatal, immunological and infectious screening<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"1028\" data-end=\"1054\">What is cytomegalovirus?<\/h2>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1056\" data-end=\"1208\">CMV belongs to the herpesvirus family (Herpesviridae) and has the property of remaining in the body in a latent state throughout life. It is transmitted:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1404\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1210\" data-end=\"1262\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1212\" data-end=\"1262\">through saliva, tears, blood, semen, breast milk<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1263\" data-end=\"1302\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1265\" data-end=\"1302\">during childbirth (vertical route)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1303\" data-end=\"1330\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1305\" data-end=\"1330\">organ transplantation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1331\" data-end=\"1404\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1333\" data-end=\"1404\">with immunosuppression (after chemotherapy or HIV infection) - may reactivate<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1406\" data-end=\"1671\">In healthy adults, CMV usually causes no symptoms or manifests as a mild cold. But in pregnant women, it is a potential <strong data-start=\"1528\" data-end=\"1557\">factor of congenital infections<\/strong>, and in people with immunosuppression \u2014 <strong data-start=\"1588\" data-end=\"1612\">serious complications<\/strong> (encephalitis, pneumonia, eye, liver, intestinal damage).<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"1673\" data-end=\"1716\">When is a cytomegalovirus test ordered?<\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"1718\" data-end=\"2116\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1718\" data-end=\"1781\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1720\" data-end=\"1781\">At <strong data-start=\"1724\" data-end=\"1779\">planning pregnancy or during the first trimester<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1782\" data-end=\"1838\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1784\" data-end=\"1838\">In case <strong data-start=\"1791\" data-end=\"1836\">fetal developmental delays or birth defects<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1839\" data-end=\"1895\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1841\" data-end=\"1895\">\u0423 <strong data-start=\"1843\" data-end=\"1893\">newborns with suspected congenital infection<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1896\" data-end=\"1974\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1898\" data-end=\"1974\">\u0423 <strong data-start=\"1900\" data-end=\"1930\">patients with immunodeficiency<\/strong> (HIV, post-transplant, cancer patients)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"1975\" data-end=\"2049\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"1977\" data-end=\"2049\">At <strong data-start=\"1981\" data-end=\"2047\">unexplained fevers, enlarged lymph nodes, eye damage<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2050\" data-end=\"2116\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2052\" data-end=\"2116\">For <strong data-start=\"2056\" data-end=\"2087\">disease activity control<\/strong> with already known CMV infection<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9543\" src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/themes\/woodmart\/images\/lazy.svg\" data-src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sitomegalavirus.jpg\" alt=\"PCR result for cytomegalovirus DNA\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" srcset=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sitomegalavirus.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sitomegalavirus-150x88.jpg 150w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sitomegalavirus-600x350.jpg 600w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sitomegalavirus-300x175.jpg 300w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sitomegalavirus-1024x597.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/sitomegalavirus-768x448.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"2118\" data-end=\"2157\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/price\/?3325_search_1=%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81&amp;3325_device=laptop&amp;3325_orderby=relevance&amp;3325_paged=1&amp;3325_filtered=true\">What are the tests for cytomegalovirus?<\/a><\/h2>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2159\" data-end=\"2221\">1. <strong data-start=\"2166\" data-end=\"2221\">ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) for IgM and IgG antibodies<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2223\" data-end=\"2428\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2223\" data-end=\"2291\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2225\" data-end=\"2291\"><strong data-start=\"2225\" data-end=\"2232\">IgM<\/strong> \u2014 indicates <strong data-start=\"2248\" data-end=\"2263\">acute phase<\/strong> or recent infection<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2292\" data-end=\"2356\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2294\" data-end=\"2356\"><strong data-start=\"2294\" data-end=\"2301\">IgG<\/strong> \u2014 shows that <strong data-start=\"2316\" data-end=\"2354\">the body has already encountered the virus<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2357\" data-end=\"2428\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2359\" data-end=\"2428\">Additionally, they determine <strong data-start=\"2380\" data-end=\"2397\">IgG avidity<\/strong> \u2014 to clarify the time of infection<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote data-start=\"2430\" data-end=\"2546\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2432\" data-end=\"2546\">High IgG avidity - long-standing infection<br data-start=\"2472\" data-end=\"2475\" \/>Low IgG avidity \u2013 recent infection (dangerous during pregnancy)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2548\" data-end=\"2594\">2. <strong data-start=\"2555\" data-end=\"2594\">PCR (polymerase chain reaction)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2596\" data-end=\"2788\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2596\" data-end=\"2667\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2598\" data-end=\"2667\">Determines <strong data-start=\"2607\" data-end=\"2621\">Virus DNA<\/strong> in blood, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2668\" data-end=\"2711\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2670\" data-end=\"2711\">Allows <strong data-start=\"2679\" data-end=\"2709\">detect active replication<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2712\" data-end=\"2788\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2714\" data-end=\"2788\">It is used when <strong data-start=\"2733\" data-end=\"2788\">serious organ damage, congenital CMV infection<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 class=\"\" data-start=\"2790\" data-end=\"2839\">3. <strong data-start=\"2797\" data-end=\"2839\">Cultural study (virology)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"2944\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2841\" data-end=\"2884\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2843\" data-end=\"2884\">Used less often due to duration<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2885\" data-end=\"2944\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2887\" data-end=\"2944\">Relevant when assessing prolonged carriage in newborns<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"2946\" data-end=\"2976\">How to prepare for the analysis<\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"2978\" data-end=\"3192\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"2978\" data-end=\"3049\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"2980\" data-end=\"3049\"><strong data-start=\"2980\" data-end=\"2987\">ELISA<\/strong> \u2013 does not require special preparation, is taken in the morning on an empty stomach<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3050\" data-end=\"3110\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3052\" data-end=\"3110\"><strong data-start=\"3052\" data-end=\"3059\">PCR<\/strong> \u2013 it is better to take it before starting antiviral therapy<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3111\" data-end=\"3192\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3113\" data-end=\"3192\">It is worth informing the doctor about <strong data-start=\"3141\" data-end=\"3192\">pregnancy, immunodeficiency, chronic diseases<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3194\" data-end=\"3225\">How to interpret the results<\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"3227\" data-end=\"3562\">\n<thead data-start=\"3227\" data-end=\"3250\">\n<tr data-start=\"3227\" data-end=\"3250\">\n<th data-start=\"3227\" data-end=\"3238\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Indicator<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"3238\" data-end=\"3250\" data-col-size=\"md\">Value<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"3275\" data-end=\"3562\">\n<tr data-start=\"3275\" data-end=\"3330\">\n<td data-start=\"3275\" data-end=\"3291\" data-col-size=\"sm\">IgM \u2013 \/ IgG \u2013<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3291\" data-end=\"3330\" data-col-size=\"md\">The patient has never been in contact with CMV<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3331\" data-end=\"3407\">\n<td data-start=\"3331\" data-end=\"3347\" data-col-size=\"sm\">IgM + \/ IgG \u2013<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3347\" data-end=\"3407\" data-col-size=\"md\">Acute primary infection (dangerous during pregnancy)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3408\" data-end=\"3473\">\n<td data-start=\"3408\" data-end=\"3424\" data-col-size=\"sm\">IgM+\/IgG+<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3424\" data-end=\"3473\" data-col-size=\"md\">Possible recent infection or reactivation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"3474\" data-end=\"3562\">\n<td data-start=\"3474\" data-end=\"3490\" data-col-size=\"sm\">IgM \u2013 \/ IgG +<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"3490\" data-end=\"3562\" data-col-size=\"md\">Immunity after past exposure (carrier, safe for most)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3564\" data-end=\"3662\">In difficult cases, it is important <strong data-start=\"3592\" data-end=\"3623\">IgG avidity assessment and PCR<\/strong> to confirm active replication.<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"\" data-start=\"3664\" data-end=\"3698\">What to do if you test positive<\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"3700\" data-end=\"4063\">\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3700\" data-end=\"3768\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3702\" data-end=\"3768\">At <strong data-start=\"3706\" data-end=\"3731\">high avidity IgG<\/strong> \u2013 no specific treatment is required<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3769\" data-end=\"3857\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3771\" data-end=\"3857\">At <strong data-start=\"3775\" data-end=\"3806\">acute infection in a pregnant woman<\/strong> \u2013 consultation with an infectious disease specialist and geneticist is indicated<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3858\" data-end=\"3986\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3860\" data-end=\"3986\">\u0423 <strong data-start=\"3862\" data-end=\"3906\">newborns or immunocompromised individuals<\/strong> \u2013 possible prescription of antiviral drugs (ganciclovir, valaganciclovir)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"\" data-start=\"3987\" data-end=\"4063\">\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"3989\" data-end=\"4063\">Necessary <strong data-start=\"3999\" data-end=\"4040\">dynamic observation and monitoring<\/strong> viral load<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" data-start=\"4065\" data-end=\"4303\">The cytomegalovirus test is a tool not only for detecting infection, but also for <strong data-start=\"4145\" data-end=\"4205\">risk assessment, prognosis and determination of treatment tactics<\/strong>. Especially in vulnerable categories of patients - newborns, pregnant women, cancer patients and immunosuppressed patients.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00abWhy is this virus known to everyone, but almost no one talks about it?\u00bb Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most common viruses<\/p>","protected":false},"author":627,"featured_media":9542,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9541","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9541","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/627"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9541"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9541\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9542"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9541"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9541"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9541"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}