{"id":9651,"date":"2025-04-27T06:14:05","date_gmt":"2025-04-27T03:14:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/?p=9651"},"modified":"2026-04-20T18:54:31","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T15:54:31","slug":"false-positive-oncomarkers-are-on-the-border-between-anxiety-and-accuracy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/false-positive-oncomarkers-are-on-the-border-between-anxiety-and-accuracy\/","title":{"rendered":"False-positive tumor markers: where is the line between alarm and accuracy?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-left kksr-valign-top\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;left&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;9651&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;634&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.8&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Rate this post&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.8\\\/5 - (634 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;\u0424\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438: \u0434\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0430 \u043c\u0456\u0436 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e\u044e \u0442\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0456\u0441\u0442\u044e?&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;136.7&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 136.7px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.8\/5 - (634 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<p data-start=\"284\" data-end=\"743\">Tumor markers have become an important tool in modern laboratory diagnostics. Thanks to them, the doctor can obtain preliminary information about the probable presence of a tumor. However, the word \u201cprobable\u201d itself plays a key role: the results of these tests do not always indicate oncology. In some cases, the body gives a false signal \u2014 the so-called false-positive result. This leads to unnecessary stress, excessive diagnosis, or even unfounded treatment decisions.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"745\" data-end=\"785\"><strong>What is a false positive result?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"787\" data-end=\"1036\">A false-positive result is a situation where a tumor marker shows an excess of the norm, but there is actually no tumor. Such an analysis response is often associated not with oncology, but with inflammatory, autoimmune, infectious or even physiological conditions.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1038\" data-end=\"1086\">Typical examples of false positive markers:<\/h3>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"1088\" data-end=\"1591\">\n<thead data-start=\"1088\" data-end=\"1145\">\n<tr data-start=\"1088\" data-end=\"1145\">\n<th data-start=\"1088\" data-end=\"1101\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Tumor marker<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1101\" data-end=\"1145\" data-col-size=\"md\">Possible non-oncological causes of the increase<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1205\" data-end=\"1591\">\n<tr data-start=\"1205\" data-end=\"1268\">\n<td data-start=\"1205\" data-end=\"1218\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/ovarian-cancer-marker-sa-125\/\"><strong data-start=\"1207\" data-end=\"1217\">CA-125<\/strong><\/a><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1218\" data-end=\"1268\" data-col-size=\"md\">Endometriosis, menstruation, ovarian cyst, cirrhosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1364\">\n<td data-start=\"1269\" data-end=\"1314\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1271\" data-end=\"1313\">PSA (prostate specific antigen)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1314\" data-end=\"1364\" data-col-size=\"md\">Prostatitis, prostatic hyperplasia, catheterization<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1365\" data-end=\"1436\">\n<td data-start=\"1365\" data-end=\"1379\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1378\">CA 19-9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1436\" data-col-size=\"md\">Chronic pancreatitis, cholestasis, gallstone disease<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1437\" data-end=\"1497\">\n<td data-start=\"1437\" data-end=\"1467\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1439\" data-end=\"1466\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/hormonal-panel\/prenatal-diagnostics\/prenatal-biochemical-screening-2nd-trimester-16-20-weeks\/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-2\/\">AFP<\/a> (alpha-fetoprotein)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1467\" data-end=\"1497\" data-col-size=\"md\">Pregnancy, hepatitis, cirrhosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1498\" data-end=\"1591\">\n<td data-start=\"1498\" data-end=\"1539\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><strong data-start=\"1500\" data-end=\"1538\">CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1539\" data-end=\"1591\" data-col-size=\"md\">Inflammatory bowel disease, smoking, chronic gastritis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div><\/div>\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><strong><span style=\"color: #1b1919;font-size: 24px\">Reasons for false results<\/span><\/strong><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 data-start=\"1624\" data-end=\"1653\">1. <strong data-start=\"1631\" data-end=\"1653\">Physiological changes<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1654\" data-end=\"1818\">Certain phases of the menstrual cycle, pregnancy, and the patient&#039;s age can all affect the level of tumor markers. For example, CA-125 in women increases during ovulation.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1820\" data-end=\"1851\">2. <strong data-start=\"1827\" data-end=\"1851\">Comorbidities<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"1852\" data-end=\"1980\">Autoimmune disorders, hepatitis, pancreatitis, and cirrhosis can change the concentration of substances in the blood that are considered tumor markers.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"1982\" data-end=\"2009\">3. <strong data-start=\"1989\" data-end=\"2009\">Technical factors<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2010\" data-end=\"2132\">Errors in blood collection, improper storage of biomaterial, or reagent reactions sometimes cause distortion of the result.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"2134\" data-end=\"2169\">4. <strong data-start=\"2141\" data-end=\"2169\">Drug treatment<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"2170\" data-end=\"2291\">Some drugs, particularly hormonal or immunomodulators, can cause an increase in tumor markers without the presence of a tumor.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2170\" data-end=\"2291\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone  wp-image-9653\" src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/123-1.jpg\" alt=\"Graph of CA-125 level changes before and after treatment\" width=\"753\" height=\"354\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/123-1.jpg 715w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/123-1-150x70.jpg 150w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/123-1-600x282.jpg 600w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/123-1-300x141.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 753px) 100vw, 753px\" \/><\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2293\" data-end=\"2327\"><strong>Consequences of false results<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2329\" data-end=\"2623\">A false-positive tumor marker can cause anxiety, unnecessary instrumental examinations (CT, MRI, biopsies), waste of time and money, and in some cases even unnecessary surgery. That is why laboratory indicators should always be interpreted only in conjunction with the clinical picture.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2625\" data-end=\"2666\"><strong>How to avoid misinterpretation?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"2668\" data-end=\"3096\">\n<li data-start=\"2668\" data-end=\"2749\">\n<p data-start=\"2670\" data-end=\"2749\">Tumor markers <strong data-start=\"2682\" data-end=\"2734\">not used for screening healthy people<\/strong> without symptoms.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2750\" data-end=\"2808\">\n<p data-start=\"2752\" data-end=\"2808\">The analysis should be repeated if there are no other clinical signs.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2809\" data-end=\"2912\">\n<p data-start=\"2811\" data-end=\"2912\">It is imperative to inform the doctor about concomitant diseases, medications, and previous infections.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2913\" data-end=\"3015\">\n<p data-start=\"2915\" data-end=\"3015\">To confirm the suspicion, imaging methods are used: ultrasound, CT, MRI, endoscopy, biopsy.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"3016\" data-end=\"3096\">\n<p data-start=\"3018\" data-end=\"3096\">The most accurate approach is <strong data-start=\"3039\" data-end=\"3064\">monitoring in dynamics<\/strong>: assessment of marker changes over time.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"3098\" data-end=\"3130\"><strong>Example from clinical practice<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"3132\" data-end=\"3409\">A 42-year-old patient was found to have elevated CA-125. The initial finding was suspected ovarian cancer. However, ultrasound and MRI revealed only endometriosis. After treatment, the tumor marker decreased to normal. This case highlights the importance of avoiding hasty conclusions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"3411\" data-end=\"3755\">False-positive results are a challenge for both the doctor and the patient. On the one hand, tumor markers are a powerful diagnostic tool, on the other hand, they are a source of potential diagnostic errors. The key principle is not to evaluate the result in isolation. Only a combination of laboratory data, history, clinical examination and imaging provides a reliable diagnosis.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tumor markers have become an important tool in modern laboratory diagnostics. Thanks to them, the doctor can obtain preliminary information about the probable presence of a tumor. However, it is<\/p>","protected":false},"author":627,"featured_media":9652,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0424\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0456 \u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u0456\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u0438 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