{"id":9739,"date":"2024-09-23T04:14:19","date_gmt":"2024-09-23T01:14:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/?p=9739"},"modified":"2026-07-22T22:45:50","modified_gmt":"2026-07-22T19:45:50","slug":"the-importance-of-oncomarkers-in-clinical-practice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/the-importance-of-oncomarkers-in-clinical-practice\/","title":{"rendered":"The importance of tumor markers in clinical practice"},"content":{"rendered":"<p data-start=\"115\" data-end=\"437\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/what-are-oncomarkers-and-when-should-they-be-tested\/\">Tumor markers<\/a> \u2014 are specific biological substances that are produced in the body in response to the development of the tumor process or are secreted directly by the malignant cells themselves. Their determination is of important clinical importance at various stages of diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring the effectiveness of therapy of malignant neoplasms.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"439\" data-end=\"485\"><strong data-start=\"442\" data-end=\"485\">What are tumor markers and how do they work?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"487\" data-end=\"780\">Tumor markers can be proteins, enzymes, hormones, or metabolic products. Normally, they are either not detected in the blood at all or are present in very small concentrations. In oncological processes, their levels often increase, making them a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"782\" data-end=\"847\"><strong data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"847\">Clinical problems solved with the help of tumor markers<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul data-start=\"849\" data-end=\"1187\">\n<li data-start=\"849\" data-end=\"935\">\n<p data-start=\"851\" data-end=\"935\"><strong data-start=\"851\" data-end=\"883\">Screening and early diagnosis<\/strong> (e.g. PSA for prostate, AFP for liver cancer)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"936\" data-end=\"990\">\n<p data-start=\"938\" data-end=\"990\"><strong data-start=\"938\" data-end=\"968\">Differential diagnosis<\/strong> in difficult cases<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"991\" data-end=\"1032\">\n<p data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1032\"><strong data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1032\">Predicting the course of the disease<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1033\" data-end=\"1121\">\n<p data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1121\"><strong data-start=\"1035\" data-end=\"1072\">Monitoring treatment effectiveness<\/strong> (decreased levels after surgery or chemotherapy)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1122\" data-end=\"1187\">\n<p data-start=\"1124\" data-end=\"1187\"><strong data-start=\"1124\" data-end=\"1147\">Detection of relapses<\/strong> (regular follow-up after remission)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"1189\" data-end=\"1245\"><strong data-start=\"1192\" data-end=\"1245\">The most common tumor markers and their clinical significance<\/strong><\/h2>\n<div class=\"_tableContainer_16hzy_1\">\n<div class=\"_tableWrapper_16hzy_14 group flex w-fit flex-col-reverse\">\n<div class=\"table-scroll\"><table class=\"w-fit min-w-(--thread-content-width)\" data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1803\">\n<thead data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1292\">\n<tr data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1292\">\n<th data-start=\"1247\" data-end=\"1260\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Tumor marker<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1260\" data-end=\"1280\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Application area<\/th>\n<th data-start=\"1280\" data-end=\"1292\" data-col-size=\"md\">Comment<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1803\">\n<tr data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1430\">\n<td data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1353\" data-col-size=\"sm\">PSA<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1353\" data-end=\"1381\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Prostate cancer<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1381\" data-end=\"1430\" data-col-size=\"md\">Used for screening and monitoring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1431\" data-end=\"1506\">\n<td data-start=\"1431\" data-end=\"1444\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/ovarian-cancer-marker-sa-125\/\">CA 125<\/a><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1444\" data-end=\"1467\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Ovarian cancer<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1467\" data-end=\"1506\" data-col-size=\"md\">Also increases with endometriosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1581\">\n<td data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1520\" data-col-size=\"sm\">AFP<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1520\" data-end=\"1544\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Liver cancer, teratomas<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1544\" data-end=\"1581\" data-col-size=\"md\">Also determined during pregnancy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1582\" data-end=\"1642\">\n<td data-start=\"1582\" data-end=\"1595\" data-col-size=\"sm\">CEA<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1595\" data-end=\"1617\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Colorectal cancer<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1617\" data-end=\"1642\" data-col-size=\"md\">Susceptible to relapse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1643\" data-end=\"1720\">\n<td data-start=\"1643\" data-end=\"1656\" data-col-size=\"sm\"><a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/oncomarker-pidshlunkovoyi-zalozy-sa19-9\/\">CA 19-9<\/a><\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1656\" data-end=\"1682\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Pancreatic cancer<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1682\" data-end=\"1720\" data-col-size=\"md\">May be elevated in pancreatitis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr data-start=\"1721\" data-end=\"1803\">\n<td data-start=\"1721\" data-end=\"1734\" data-col-size=\"sm\">HE4<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1734\" data-end=\"1757\" data-col-size=\"sm\">Ovarian cancer<\/td>\n<td data-start=\"1757\" data-end=\"1803\" data-col-size=\"md\">Used with CA 125 in the ROMA algorithm<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/div>\n<div class=\"sticky end-(--thread-content-margin) h-0 self-end select-none\">\n<div class=\"absolute end-0 flex items-end\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 data-start=\"1805\" data-end=\"1858\"><strong data-start=\"1808\" data-end=\"1858\">Advantages and limitations of using tumor markers<\/strong><\/h2>\n<h3 data-start=\"1860\" data-end=\"1873\">Advantages:<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"1874\" data-end=\"2024\">\n<li data-start=\"1874\" data-end=\"1919\">\n<p data-start=\"1876\" data-end=\"1919\">High sensitivity for relapse monitoring<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1920\" data-end=\"1981\">\n<p data-start=\"1922\" data-end=\"1981\">Possibility of non-invasive testing (blood, urine)<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1982\" data-end=\"2024\">\n<p data-start=\"1984\" data-end=\"2024\">Relative speed of obtaining results<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-start=\"2026\" data-end=\"2040\">Limitation:<\/h3>\n<ul data-start=\"2041\" data-end=\"2270\">\n<li data-start=\"2041\" data-end=\"2113\">\n<p data-start=\"2043\" data-end=\"2113\"><strong data-start=\"2043\" data-end=\"2068\">Low specificity:<\/strong> increase is possible in benign processes<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2114\" data-end=\"2189\">\n<p data-start=\"2116\" data-end=\"2189\"><strong data-start=\"2116\" data-end=\"2167\">Low efficiency for primary diagnosis<\/strong> without clinical manifestations<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2190\" data-end=\"2270\">\n<p data-start=\"2192\" data-end=\"2270\"><strong data-start=\"2192\" data-end=\"2225\">False positive results:<\/strong> possible with infections, pregnancy, inflammation<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 data-start=\"2272\" data-end=\"2324\"><strong data-start=\"2275\" data-end=\"2324\">Current trends in the use of tumor markers<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-9741\" src=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/66-2.jpg\" alt=\"Graph of changes in tumor marker levels after therapy\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/66-2.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/66-2-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/66-2-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/66-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/66-2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/66-2-768x512.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2326\" data-end=\"2715\">In clinical practice, there is growing interest in <strong data-start=\"2366\" data-end=\"2390\">tumor marker panels<\/strong>, rather than single indicators. This increases the accuracy of diagnosis. For example, a combination of CA 125 and HE4 is used to assess the risk of ovarian cancer (<a href=\"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/analysis\/diagnosis-of-tumor-markers\/index-roma-sa-125-he4\/\">ROMA index<\/a>). In the future, increasingly important <strong data-start=\"2592\" data-end=\"2609\">liquid biopsies<\/strong>, which allow the detection of circulating tumor DNA in the blood, is another step towards personalized oncology.<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"2717\" data-end=\"2748\"><strong data-start=\"2720\" data-end=\"2748\">Target audience of the article<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"2750\" data-end=\"2773\">The material will be useful:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2774\" data-end=\"2960\">\n<li data-start=\"2774\" data-end=\"2815\">\n<p data-start=\"2776\" data-end=\"2815\">general practitioners and oncologists<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2816\" data-end=\"2865\">\n<p data-start=\"2818\" data-end=\"2865\">patients with a family history of cancer<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2866\" data-end=\"2927\">\n<p data-start=\"2868\" data-end=\"2927\">people after cancer treatment who are under monitoring<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2928\" data-end=\"2960\">\n<p data-start=\"2930\" data-end=\"2960\">laboratory medicine specialists<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2962\" data-end=\"3250\">The use of tumor markers in the clinic is of great importance, but only in the context of the complete clinical picture. No tumor marker is absolutely specific or sufficient for diagnosis. Comprehensive assessment together with instrumental methods is the basis of effective oncological diagnostics.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tumor markers are specific biological substances that are produced in the body in response to the development of a tumor process or are secreted directly by the tumor itself.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":97,"featured_media":9740,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,233],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zahvoryuvannya-ta-symptomy","category-rozshyfrovka-analiziv-ta-pidgotovka"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9739","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/97"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9739"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9739\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9740"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9739"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9739"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/medilab.km.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9739"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}