Antibodies to tissue transglutaminase (Anti-tTG), IgG

Celiac disease: The role of diagnostics using antibodies to tissue transglutaminase (Anti-tTG), IgG

Celiac disease is a chronic immune-mediated disease of the gastrointestinal tract that occurs in response to the consumption of gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, barley, and some varieties of oats. This disease can have a wide range of symptoms, which makes it difficult to diagnose in the early stages. For an accurate diagnosis of celiac disease, it is important to detect the presence of antibodies to tissue transglutaminase (Anti-tTG), IgG, in the patient's blood.

Transglutaminases are a group of enzymes that are normally found in the tissues of the digestive tract. In people with celiac disease, gluten consumption causes the activation of these enzymes, which can lead to damage to the lining of the small intestine and a number of symptoms. Anti-tTG, IgG is one of the main biomarkers that indicate the presence of this reaction.

Diagnosing celiac disease involves several steps:

1. Clinical symptoms and history: The doctor conducts a detailed review of symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, anemia, weight loss, and also learns about the family predisposition to celiac disease.
2. Blood test: Patients have their blood drawn to measure levels of antibodies to tissue transglutaminase (Anti-tTG), IgG. These antibodies may be elevated in people with celiac disease.
3. Small intestine biopsy: If the blood test results are suspicious, a biopsy of the small intestine is performed to assess the extent of mucosal damage. This step can confirm the diagnosis.

Anti-tTG, IgG is an important marker in the diagnosis of celiac disease, especially in cases where other tests, such as IgA tissue transglutaminase antibodies (Anti-tTG, IgA), are negative. Some patients may have a pronounced deficiency of the IgA antigen, which leads to false test results. Therefore, IgG antibodies allow to avoid this error and provide a more accurate diagnosis.

For patients with suspected celiac disease, it is important to cooperate with their doctor and follow diagnostic recommendations, as timely and correct diagnosis can help avoid further damage to the small intestine and improve quality of life. Treatment of celiac disease includes eliminating gluten from the diet and symptomatic therapy.

In conclusion, IgG tissue transglutaminase antibodies (Anti-tTG, IgG) play an important role in the diagnosis of celiac disease, especially in cases where IgA is not available. These tests are an important tool for physicians in determining the presence of this serious gastrointestinal disease and in planning treatment for patients with celiac disease.