Copper in the blood: why it is important to monitor the level of this trace element

What is copper and what role does it play in the body?

Copper is a vital trace element that is involved in dozens of biochemical processes. It is needed for the synthesis of collagen, elastin, antioxidant defense enzymes, the formation of red blood cells, the functioning of the nervous system, and the absorption of iron.

The body cannot produce copper on its own, so we get it from food. An excess or deficiency of this element can affect the functioning of the heart, brain, blood formation, and immunity.

Why take a blood copper test?

Determining the level of copper in the blood allows you to detect:

• micronutrient metabolism disorders

• copper poisoning

• deficiency in malabsorption

• genetic diseases (e.g. Wilson-Konovalov disease)

• autoimmune, neurological, hematological disorders

This test is usually ordered when there is suspicion of liver pathology, metabolic disorders, anemia of unknown origin, or to monitor therapy for Wilson's disease.

Normal blood copper levels

Ceruloplasmin is a protein that transports copper in the blood plasma. It is often measured simultaneously with copper for a comprehensive assessment.

Signs of copper deficiency

• chronic fatigue

• anemia that is not corrected by iron

• frequent infections

• brittle hair, dry skin

• impaired coordination, numbness

• growth retardation in children

Deficiency often occurs with malabsorption (celiac disease, after gastric resection), excessive zinc intake, or chronic dialysis.

Signs of excess copper

• nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain

• jaundice

• neurological symptoms (tremors, personality changes)

• liver damage

The most common cause of excess is Wilson's disease, an inherited disorder in which copper accumulates in the liver, brain, and eyes. For its diagnosis, it is important copper analysis, ceruloplasmin and daily urinary copper excretion.

How to prepare for the analysis

• The analysis is taken on an empty stomach, in the morning.

• One day before delivery - avoid copper-containing supplements

• Do not take zinc supplements (they affect copper levels)

• Inform the doctor about all medications you are taking.

Foods rich in copper

• beef liver

• seafood (oysters, shrimp)

• sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds

• nuts (especially cashews)

• legumes

• dark chocolate

• buckwheat

A proper diet will provide the copper requirement in most cases. However, some conditions require additional monitoring or treatment.

Monitoring the level of copper in the blood is not just a laboratory formality, but an indicator of how the liver, hematopoietic system, and nervous system are working. If disorders are detected in time, it is possible to adjust the diet, treatment, or prevent serious complications.