Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), which infects the liver and can lead to the development of a chronic inflammatory process. The main route of transmission is through contact with infected blood. Infection is possible when using unsterile instruments, sharing objects contaminated with blood, as well as during medical and cosmetic procedures if the rules of sterility are violated. Less commonly, the virus is transmitted sexually or from an infected mother to her child.

Hepatitis C often has no symptoms, so a person may not be aware of the infection for a long time. Without timely diagnosis and treatment, chronic infection can lead to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer).

What determines research?

Hepatitis C PCR (HCV, RNA) is a molecular genetic test that detects hepatitis C virus RNA in the blood.

The Real-time PCR method is based on the detection of specific sections of the genetic material of the virus.

A qualitative test determines the presence or absence of HCV RNA in a blood sample. A quantitative test allows you to determine the concentration of viral RNA in the blood and estimate the viral load.

PCR results should be evaluated together with the patient's history, anti-HCV antibody (Anti-HCV) test results, and other clinical and laboratory data.

When is it recommended to conduct research?

PCR diagnostics for HCV may be recommended:

to confirm current infection after receiving a positive result for HCV antibodies;
in the presence of risk factors for hepatitis C virus infection;
after possible contact with infected blood;
for early detection of infection when antibodies may still be absent;
to monitor the effectiveness of antiviral treatment and assess virological response - as prescribed by a doctor.

Biomaterial and research method

Biomaterial: venous blood.

Method: real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR).

Preparation for the study

Blood is given on an empty stomach: It is recommended to donate blood in the morning after an overnight fast or 8–12 hours after the last meal.
6–12 hours before the study: You should avoid stressful situations and limit physical activity.
On the eve of the study: avoid fatty foods and alcohol.
On the day of blood donation: Do not smoke. A small amount of clean, still water is allowed.
Taking medications: If possible, you should discuss with your doctor the need to take them before the test. If the patient is taking antiviral or other medications, you should inform your doctor. You should not stop taking the prescribed medications on your own.
For infants: Before donating blood, it is advisable to take the longest possible break between feedings.
During treatment monitoring: It is advisable to follow the doctor's recommendations regarding the timing of the analysis.