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Pathomorphological examination during penectomy — is a comprehensive analysis of the entire penis or part of it (in the case of partial penectomy), surgically removed. Code PG058 provides a detailed study of the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of the organ, which is critically important for establishing the stage of cancer and determining further prognosis.

Research objective: The main task is a complete morphological characterization of the tumor and assessment of the radicality of the operation. Since most tumors of this location are squamous cell carcinoma, the pathologist must clearly determine the depth of invasion into the cavernous bodies and urethra, which directly affects the likelihood of metastasis.

What does the pathologist evaluate:

Histological type of cancer: confirmation of squamous cell carcinoma (the most common type) or detection of rare forms (melanoma, sarcoma).
Degree of differentiation (Grade): assessment of cell aggressiveness (G1–G3).
Depth of invasion (pT stage): analysis of tumor growth into the subepithelial tissue, corpus spongiosum, cavernous bodies, or urethra.
Surgical margin status: checking the proximal edge of the cut for the absence of tumor cells (ensuring radicality of the intervention).
Lymphovascular and perineural invasion: detection of cancer cells in blood vessels and along nerves, which is a marker of high risk of lymph node involvement.
Link to human papillomavirus (HPV): assessment of morphological features of HPV-associated cancer, which is important for prognosis.

Clinical significance: The conclusion with the code PG058 is the basic document for the oncological consultation. Based on these data, a decision is made on the need to remove the inguinal lymph nodes (lymphadenectomy) or to conduct adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy. Accurate staging allows you to balance the radicality of treatment and the preservation of the patient's quality of life.

When is it prescribed:

after radical penectomy (complete removal of the organ);
after partial penectomy (resection of the head or part of the trunk);
for invasive forms of penile cancer confirmed by a previous biopsy;
in cases of large recurrent neoplasms that are not amenable to conservative treatment.