Influenza B: how it manifests itself, who is at risk and when diagnostics are needed

Influenza B is a seasonal viral infection that causes waves of illness every year along with influenza A. Although influenza B does not cause pandemics, it can cause severe illness and serious complications, especially in children, the elderly, and patients with chronic diseases.

Understanding the characteristics of the influenza B virus, its transmission routes, symptoms, diagnostic and prevention methods allows you to reduce the risk of complications and the spread of infection during the seasonal peak.

According to World Health Organization, influenza A and B viruses cause millions of cases of infection each year, and seasonal vaccination remains the primary method of prevention.

Features of the influenza B virus

Influenza B virus circulates exclusively among humans. It has two main genetic lineages:

• B/Victoria

• B/Yamagata

Unlike influenza A, type B does not have an animal reservoir and is less likely to undergo drastic mutations. However, this does not mean that the course is milder - in some seasons, it is influenza B that causes the greatest number of hospitalizations among children.

Who is most at risk of getting sick?

The following are at increased risk of severe disease:

• children under 5 years old

• teenagers

• people over 65 years old

• pregnant

• patients with asthma

• people with diabetes

• people with cardiovascular diseases

In these groups, influenza B can cause serious complications.

How does influenza B develop?

The incubation period is 1–4 days. The disease begins suddenly. A person may experience chills, body aches, and a sharp increase in temperature.

The main symptoms of influenza B:

• temperature 38–40°C

• severe headache

• muscle pain

• dry cough

• sore throat

• pronounced weakness

• anorexia

In children, the following are often added:

• nausea

• vomiting

• diarrhea

How is influenza B different from other respiratory infections?

It is the abrupt onset and pronounced intoxication that help to suspect influenza B.

Diagnosis of influenza B

Laboratory confirmation is required:

• in severe cases

• in young children

• in pregnant women

• if complications are suspected

• in case of hospitalization

Diagnostic methods:

• PCR of nasopharyngeal swab

• rapid tests

• complete blood count

PCR allows you to accurately determine the type of virus and distinguish influenza B from influenza A.

Specialists Mayo Clinic Laboratory diagnostics are recommended in the presence of risk factors.

Possible complications of influenza B

Complications may include:

• pneumonia

• bronchitis

• otitis

• sinusitis

• aggravation asthma

• inflammation of the heart muscle

Children may develop dehydration due to high fever and vomiting.

Treatment of influenza B

Treatment for influenza B involves:

• antiviral drugs as recommended by a doctor

• antipyretics

• adequate fluid intake

• bed rest

• contact restrictions

According to the recommendations FDA, early initiation of antiviral therapy reduces the risk of complications.

Antibiotics are not used without a confirmed bacterial infection.

Influenza B prevention

Seasonal vaccination includes components against influenza A and B. Annual vaccine:

• reduces the risk of disease

• reduces the severity of the course

• reduces the likelihood of hospitalization

Additional preventive measures:

• regular hand washing

• avoiding crowds

• ventilation of premises

• good sleep

• balanced diet

Why it is important not to carry influenza B "on your feet"«

Neglecting treatment can lead to complications. Even if symptoms seem mild, the body needs rest to recover.

Influenza B is a serious viral infection that requires careful attention. Early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and prevention can minimize risks and protect yourself and your loved ones during the season of increased morbidity.