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Intestinal dysbacteriosis: we answer the main questions of patients
What is intestinal dysbiosis?
Intestinal dysbacteriosis is not a separate disease, but a condition in which the quantitative and qualitative ratio of microorganisms in the intestine changes. Normally human microbiota consists of trillions of bacteria, viruses, and fungi that perform vital functions: participate in digestion, synthesize vitamins, support immunity, and protect against pathogens.
When the balance between «good» and «bad» bacteria is disrupted, dysbiosis occurs. This condition often goes unnoticed, but can lead to chronic problems, from persistent bloating to allergies and skin conditions.
What symptoms indicate dysbiosis?
Signs of dysbiosis are diverse and not always associated with digestion:
bloating, rumbling, stomach pain after eating
unstable stool: diarrhea, constipation or their alternation
allergic reactions that have no obvious cause
skin rashes, acne, dermatitis
chronic fatigue, frequent colds
impaired concentration, irritability
In children, dysbiosis can manifest as appetite disturbances, poor weight gain, colic, and mood swings.
What causes dysbiosis?
Antibiotics and other medications. Even a short course of antibiotics can disrupt the balance of microflora. NSAIDs, hormonal drugs, and laxatives also have a negative effect.
Low-fiber diet. Excess sugar, fat, processed foods, and alcohol inhibit the growth of beneficial bacteria.
Acute gastrointestinal infections. After poisoning, salmonellosis, or rotavirus, the microbiome needs to be restored.
Stress. Stress activates the release of cortisol, changes intestinal motility, and affects bacterial composition.
Immunodeficiency states. With reduced immunity, pathogens more easily displace beneficial flora.
How is dysbacteriosis diagnosed?
To detect microflora disorders, the following may be prescribed:
Stool culture for microflora — classical method with determination of the number of bacteria
PCR research — allows you to detect the DNA of specific pathogens
SCFA (short-chain fatty acids) analysis — evaluates the activity of bacteria
Microbiome sequencing — in-depth analysis of all microorganisms in the intestines
What treatment is effective for dysbacteriosis?
Treatment is always comprehensive and individual. Main components:
probiotics — live beneficial bacteria
prebiotics — nutrients for the growth of "good" bacteria
symbiotics — a combination of probiotics and prebiotics
enzymes — to facilitate digestion
dietary correction - more fiber, less sugar, alcohol, fat
Is it necessary to take tests?
In most cases, a doctor can make a diagnosis based on symptoms, but for clarification — especially in complex or chronic situations — laboratory diagnostics help to more accurately select treatment.
What does the result of the dysbacteriosis test look like?
| Bacteria | Norm (CFU/g) | Result |
|---|---|---|
| Bifidobacterium spp. | ≥10⁹ | 10⁷ |
| Lactobacillus spp. | ≥10⁷ | 10⁶ |
| Escherichia coli (conditionally) | ≤10⁷ | 10⁸ |
| Pathogenic enterobacteria | missing | 10³ |
This result indicates a decrease in beneficial flora and an excess of opportunistic microbes.
Is it possible to restore microflora without medication?
Yes, if the changes are minor. Important steps:
regular consumption of products with probiotics (kefir, yogurt, fermented vegetables)
fiber in the diet (vegetables, oatmeal, apples, legumes)
avoiding foods that stimulate the growth of "bad" bacteria: sugar, fast food
sufficient physical activity
stress reduction
If you notice symptoms of abdominal discomfort, unstable stools, or skin manifestations, don't ignore them. A healthy microbiome is one of the most important conditions for stable digestion and immune protection.
